Wk 9 - G9-Computing System

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​What is a Computer System?

1. ​A computer is an electronic device that can store and process information.

2. A computing system is a system that is used to solve problems and interact with the environment.

3. A computing system includes a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices and storage devices.

4. In a computer system, the inputs are processed to deliver the desired output.

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​Layer of Computing System:

1. ​ Information means a collection of data that has a logical meaning

2. The information layer refers to the way information is represented on a computer. Binary numbers, 0s and 1.

3. Binary format is used to represent all information and data that is processed by a computer,

   such as text, photos, videos, and audio.

​Identify the Binary Value for this image

​Sample :

​A flip-flop is constructed from a set of transistor “gates”. The output signal from each gate is used as an input signal to the other gate. There are three basic types of transistor-based gates called AND, OR and NOT gates.

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for the physical transmission of data bits?

• Physical layer
• Network layer
• Data link layer
• Transport layer

Multiple Choice

What is the output of an AND gate when both inputs are 1?

• 10
• 1
• 1.5
• 0

1. ​Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer that allow it to function.

2. The motherboard and the Central Processing Unit along with the Gates and circuits.

3. Transistors: Transistor switching electricity provides two states, ON and OFF is assigned 1 and 0 to an electronic circuit within a computer.

4.  Flip-flops are used to construct counters, accumulators, and registers in central processing chips

5. Register – is a group of flip-flops that are used to hold the data temporarily in a compute

6. An accumulator and a counter are examples of registers

7. Accumulator – is a register that holds the arithmetic and logical data inside the CPU

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of an operating system?

• To store data permanently on hard drives.
• The primary function of an operating system is to manage hardware and software resources.
• To provide internet connectivity to devices.
• To enhance the graphical user interface of applications.

​Layer 3: Programming

​The programming layer is about computer software. Software is a solution, or a set of instructions for the hardware layer to follow.

Multiple Choice

What is a protocol in computer networks?

• A protocol is a type of hardware used in networking.
• A protocol is a programming language for network applications.
• A protocol is a set of rules governing data communication in computer networks.
• A protocol is a physical connection between two devices.

Multiple Choice

Which protocol is commonly used for web browsing?

• POP3
• FTP
• HTTPS

• SMTP

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​Layer 4: Operating system

​An operating system determines how users and hardware interact

​Its main job is to manage computer resources such as the keyboard, monitors, printers, scanners, and cameras

​operating systems are windows, Linux, Mac OX, Android, and IOS

​Layer 5: Application

​Applications are programs written to carry out a specific task

​An application program that helps you accomplish a task or solve a certain problem

Multiple Choice

Which operating system is commonly used on smartphones and tablets?

• Android
• Linux
• Windows
• iOS

Multiple Choice

Which operating system is commonly used on Apple computers?

• Windows
• Ubuntu
• Linux
• macOS

​Communication layers help to communicate with other computers for exchanging data.

​Layer 6: Communication

​Computers are connected to networks to share information and resources

​The World Wide Web(internet), you can connect not just one computer but millions of computers all around the globe

​Abstraction:

​Abstraction is hiding of some details of a process or artifact to bring out more clearly other aspects, details, or structure.

​Abstraction Layer:

​ https://wordwall.net/resource/68809440

​Learned about different OSI layer and Abstraction