Benchmark Review (1-3)

​Benchmark Review (Units 1-3)

​Unit 1
Biomolecules
Characteristics of Life
Viruses & Cells

Unit 2
Homeostasis & Cell Membrane
Active vs Passive Transport
Hypertonic vs Hypotonic Solutions

Unit 3
Cell Cycle & Cancer
DNA Replication

​Unit 1- What is Life?

​Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Match

Match the food or drink source with the biomolecule associated most closely with it

Carbohydrate

Lipids

Protein

• Carbohydrate

• Lipids

• Protein

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is used for "quick energy"

• Lipids
• Nucleic acids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates

Match

Match Biomolecules and Function

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

quick energy

building blocks of tissues

energy storage

genetic information

• quick energy

• building blocks of tissues

• energy storage

• genetic information

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer for a nucleic acid?

• Monosaccharide
• Nucleotide
• Fatty acid
• Amino acid

Match

Match the biomolecule with its monomer.

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

monosaccharide

amino acid

fatty acid

nucleotide

• monosaccharide

• amino acid

• fatty acid

• nucleotide

Match

Match the biomolecules and their examples

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Lipids

Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

​Characteristics of Life (TN State Standard)

​1. Responds to environment/stimuli

2. Growth and change

3. Ability to reproduce

4. Use and obtain energy

5. Maintain Homeostasis

6. Made of Cells

7. Evolve

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a characteristic of life?

• Grow and change

• Evolve

• Obtain and use energy

• Can move

Multiple Choice

Are bacteria alive?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Are bacteria made of a cell?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic of life is linked most closely to DNA?

• Evolve

• Obtain and use energy

• respond to stimuli

• maintain homeostasis

Fill in the Blank

What is the word for maintaining a stable internal environment

​Viruses

​1. Non-living


2. Have DNA or RNA


3. Capsid (protein shell)


4. Parasitic
Needs host to reproduce


5. Antibiotics DO NOT WORK

Multiple Choice

Are viruses living?

• Yes

• No

Fill in the Blank

What is the name of the protein shell that encapsulates a virus's genetic material?

Multiple Choice

Why don't antibiotics work on Viruses?

• because viruses are not living

• viruses are a type of bacteria that antibiotics can target because they lack receptors.

• because viruses are living

• antibiotics DO work on viruses

​Cell Membrane (Phospholipid Bilayer)

​1. Hydrophobic Tails



2. Hydrophilic Heads



3. Embedded Proteins


4. Organelle responsible
for maintaining
Homeostasis

Match

Match items related to Phospholipid bilayer

• Hydrophobic Tails

• Hydrophilic Heads

• Phospholipid Structure

• Cell Membrane Function

Repel Water

Attract Water

Form Bilayers

Regulate Entry and Exit

• Repel Water

• Attract Water

• Form Bilayers

• Regulate Entry and Exit

Fill in the Blank

The phospholipid bilayer regulates what enters and exits the cell, allowing the cell to maintain a stable internal environment, also known as

​Active and Passive Transport

​Active Transport
- Uses a protein
- Uses ATP
- Against the
concentration gradient


Passive Transport
- Can use proteins
- NO ATP
- With the
concentration gradient

Multiple Choice

What is doing the "facilitating" in facilitated diffusion?

• Cell membranes facilitate diffusion.
• Osmosis is responsible for facilitated diffusion.
• Energy from ATP is used in facilitated diffusion.
• Transport proteins or channels are doing the facilitating.

Fill in the Blank

Simple Diffusion of Water is also known as

Match

Match the following:

• Passive Transport

• Active Transport

• Osmosis

• Endocytosis

NO ATP

ATP

Diffusion of Water

Cell "eating"

• NO ATP

• ATP

• Diffusion of Water

• Cell "eating"

Multiple Choice

Exocytosis is

• the process of transporting molecules out of a cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
• the method of breaking down waste materials within a cell using lysosomes.
• the mechanism by which cells absorb nutrients through the plasma membrane.
• the process of transporting molecules into a cell via vesicles that fuse with the nuclear membrane.

Match

• Passive Transport

• Active Transport

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Facilitated Diffusion

WITH the concentration gradient

AGAINST the concentration gradient

FROM high concentration to low concentration

THROUGH a semi-permeable membrane

WITH the help of transport proteins

• WITH the concentration gradient

• AGAINST the concentration gradient

• FROM high concentration to low concentration

• THROUGH a semi-permeable membrane

• WITH the help of transport proteins

​Hypertonic, Hypotonic & Isotonic Solutions

​Hypertonic Solution
- higher % solute in solution
- Water will leave cell
- cell shrivels

Hypotonic Solution
- higher % solute in solution
- Water will enter the cell
- Cell swells

Isotonic Solution
- near equilibrium
- No net movement of water

Match

Match

• Hypertonic Solution

• Hypotonic Solution

• Isotonic Solution

• Osmosis

Cell shrivels

Cell swells

No net movement of water

Movement of water across a membrane

• Cell shrivels

• Cell swells

• No net movement of water

• Movement of water across a membrane

Multiple Choice

Which of the following solutions is Hypertonic to a cell that has a concentration of 0.9% NaCl?

• A saline solution with a concentration less than 0.9% NaCl.
• A saline solution with a concentration of 0.9% NaCl.
• A distilled water solution.
• A saline solution with a concentration greater than 0.9% NaCl.

Fill in the Blank

If a cell is placed into this type of solution, it will swell.

Match

Match

• Solute

• Solvent

• Solution

• Concentration

Substance that is dissolved

Substance that dissolves another

Homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent

Amount of solute in a given volume of solution

• Substance that is dissolved

• Substance that dissolves another

• Homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent

• Amount of solute in a given volume of solution

Match

• Hypotonic Solution

• Isotonic Solution

• Hypertonic Solution

• Osmosis

Water moves into the cell

Water moves in and out of the cell equally

Water moves out of the cell

Water moves across a semipermeable membrane

• Water moves into the cell

• Water moves in and out of the cell equally

• Water moves out of the cell

• Water moves across a semipermeable membrane

​Cell Cycle & Cancer

​Cell Cycle
Interphase
G1- Growth
S- DNA Replication
G2- Growth
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Apoptosis- Programmed cell death

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of interphase

• S phase
• G1 phase
• G2 phase
• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of the S phase in the cell cycle?

• To replicate the cell's DNA.

• To produce proteins for the cell
• To repair damaged DNA
• To initiate cell division

Match

Match the phases of the cell cycle with their functions.

• G1

• S

• G2

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication

DNA synthesis and replication

Preparation for mitosis

Nuclear division

Cytoplasmic division

• Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication

• DNA synthesis and replication

• Preparation for mitosis

• Nuclear division

• Cytoplasmic division

Match

Match the phases of Mitosis with their descriptions

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Chromosomes condense and become visible

Chromosomes align at the cell's middle.

Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles

Nuclear membranes reform around each set of chromosomes

• Chromosomes condense and become visible

• Chromosomes align at the cell's middle.

• Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles

• Nuclear membranes reform around each set of chromosomes

Fill in the Blank

Programmed cell death is also known as

​DNA Replication

​Chargaff's Rule
- A= T (adenine and thymine match)
- C= G (cytosine and guanine match)

Nucleotide Structure
- Phosphate Group
- Pentose Sugar
- Nitrogenous Base (A,T,C,G)

Important Enzymes
- Helicase (unzipper)
- DNA Polymerase (Proofreader, Builder)

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?

• Each new DNA molecule contains two original strands.
• DNA replication is conservative because both strands are new.
• DNA replication is semi-conservative due to the use of RNA primers.
• DNA replication is semi-conservative because each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of a nucleotide?

• Phosphate group

• Pentose Sugar

• Nitrogenous Base

• Hydrogen tail

Multiple Choice

Nucleotides are the building blocks of which biomolecule?

• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids
• Carbohydrates

Match

Match the following

• Helicase

• DNA Polymerase

• Adenine

• Cytosine

Unzipper

Proofreader/ Builder

Matches Thymine

Matches Guanine

• Unzipper

• Proofreader/ Builder

• Matches Thymine

• Matches Guanine

Match

Match (Hint: They won't match to itself)

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

Thymine

Guanine

Adenine

Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Adenine

• Cytosine

Fill in the Blank

What does DNA stand for