Soil Resources and Waste Management

SOIL
RESOURCES

BIG IDEA: Earth has natural resources such as
energy, water, and soil that are harnessed for
sustainability.

Learning
Targets:

• Explain how heat from inside Earth is tapped as a

source of energy.

• Explain how energy is harnessed from alternative

sources such as water and geothermal heat.

• Cite ways to address the environmental concerns

related to the use of energy.

• Recognize how water is distributed on Earth.

• Explain the human impact on the quality and

availability of water.

• Suggest ways of conserving and protecting water

resources.

• Describe how people generate different types of

wastes as they make use of various materials and
resources in everyday life.

• Cite ways to reduce wasted at home, in school,

and in the community.

Soil

Formed by the interaction of the
parent material, climate, time,
plants, and animals, and
topography.

Consists of minerals, organic
matter, water, and air

Supports the growth of plants

TYPES

OF

SOIL

SOIL PROFILE

•Arrangement of
horizons

• O – organic matter, humus,

bacteria algae, and insect

• A – minerals and humus
• E – zone of eluviation and

leaching

• Eluviation – washing of fine components
• Leaching – depletion of soluble materials

• B – zone of accumulation

aka subsoil

• C – partially-altered parent

material

ARABLE

LAND

Lands that are temporarily used for

agricultural crops, temporary

meadows, and fallow lands

Non-arable
Land

• Orchard lands, vineyards, coffee

plantations, rubber plantations, nut
plantation, land that are unsuited for any
agricultural use

Factors
affecting

soil quality

and

quantity

Human – induced

Desertification

Salinization

Land Use and
Conservation

Lands of public domain

Agricultural, forest or timber

Mineral lands

National parks

Land Use and
Conservation

• Crop rotation

• Growing different crops in

the same field at different
times

• Adds residues to the soil
• Helps in preventing erosion
• Prevents loss of minerals
• Soil moisture management

Natural Vegetative
Filter Strips (NVS)

•Narrow strips of
naturally-growing
grasses and herbs
•Prevent soil erosion
•Easy to maintain
and cheap

CONTOUR
PLOWING

Follows the contours of hills
and slopes, rather than
orienting crop rows up and
down a slope

Terracing

•Building of steplike terraces
along the slopes of the hills
•Reduce water runoff

WIND BREAKS

Rows of trees planted to surround a large areas of agricultural land

No-till farming

•Plowing to a depth of
around two inches instead
of eight inches in the
traditional plowing
•Exposes soil
•Allows plant residues to
stay on the surface

WASTE
GENERATION AND
MANAGEMENT

BIG IDEA: EARTH HAS NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS
ENERGY, WATER, AND SOIL THAT ARE HARNESSED
FOR SUSTAINABILITY.

SOLID WASTE

• RA 9003

• Ecological

Solid

Waste

Management Act of 2000

• Solid

waste

management

policies

• Ensure the protection of human

health and environment

• Solid

waste

–

discarded

household, commercial waste,
non hazardous institutional and
industrial

wastes,

street

sweepings construction debris,
agricultural wastes, and other
non hazardous/ non toxic solid
wastes

SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT

RECYCLING

•Segregation

•Collection

•Production of new
product

COMPOSTING

CONTROLLED
DECOMPOSITION OF
ORGANIC MATTER BY
MICROORGANISMS INTO
HUMUS-LIKE PRODUCT

LANDFILL

WASTE DISPOSAL SITE

INCINERATION

COMBUSTION OF

WASTE IN THE

PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

LIQUID WASTE

AGRICULTURAL

WASTE

DOMESTIC

WASTE

INDUSTRIAL

WASTE

SEWAGE

RA 9275

• Clean Waste Act of 2004

• Aims to protect, preserve,

and revive the Philippines’
freshwater, brackish water,
and marine waters

GASEOUS WASTE

CO₂

Hydro-carbons

CO

CH₄

NOx

SO₂

H₂S

RA 8749

•Clean Air Act of 1999

•Management of gaseous
wastes

•Sustainable
development

•Prevention of pollution
rather than control

Multiple Choice

What is the term for the layer of soil that contains most of the organic material and nutrients?

• Bedrock

• Topsoil

• Subsoil

• Parent material

Multiple Choice

Which soil type is known for having the best ability to retain water and nutrients?

• Sand

• Clay

• Loam

• Gravel

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the most effective method for reducing waste?

• Recycling

• Landfilling

• Reuse and reduce

• Incineration

Multiple Choice

Which method involves breaking down organic waste into nutrient-rich material for use as fertilizer?

• Recycling

• Composting

• Landfilling

• Incineration

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences soil formation?

• Climate

• Parent material

• Organisms

• Earth's gravitational pull