Untitled Lesson

Linking Words Study Material

Spojovací výrazy a prostředky textové návaznosti jsou nezbytné nástroje pro psaní a pomáhají
spojovat myšlenky, věty a odstavce. Spojovací výrazy zlepšují plynulost psaní a díky nim je pro
čtenáře snazší sledovat argumentaci, popisy nebo třeba vyprávění.

READ THIS TEXT

I went to the market yesterday. I bought some fruits vegetables. The prices were very high. I
needed apples, they didn’t have any. I found some oranges, they were expensive. I paid for
the oranges I left. I was walking home it started to rain. I didn’t have an umbrella I got wet. I
finally arrived home I made some tea. I was tired I sat down to rest.

Answer these questions:

Ø How do you feel when reading this text?

Ø Is anything missing that could help you to see the text as a fluent and coherent flow of ideas?

Ø Can you rewrite the text to be more coherent?

EXAMPLES OF LINKING WORDS:

1. ADDITION (used to add more information)

Also, Furthermore, Moreover, In addition

Example: She enjoys swimming. In addition, she loves running.

2. CONTRAST (used to show and introduce a contrasting idea or point of view.)

But, However, Although, Despite, On the other hand, In contrast

Example: I wanted to go to the party, but I had too much homework.

Example: The movie was long. However, it was very entertaining.

Although is followed by a subject and verb: Although it was raining, we went outside.

Despite is followed by a noun or gerund (verb + -ing): Despite the rain, we went outside.

3. CAUSE AND EFFECT (used to show the reason for something or its result)

So, Because, As a result, Therefore

Example: I studied hard, so I passed the exam.

4. CLARIFICATION (introduce examples or further clarify a point)

For example, Such as

Example: She likes outdoor activities, such as hiking and cycling.

Example: He enjoys reading. For example, he reads a book every week.

5. CONCULUSION or SUMMARY (used to summarize what has been said or to signal the
end of a discussion)

To sum up, In conclusion

Example: To sum up, teamwork is essential for success.

6. SEQUENCING IDEAS (used to order ideas or points in a discussion)

The first, The second

Example: The first reason I support this idea is... The second reason is...

7. RELATIVE PRONOUNS (used to provide more information about a noun or subject)

Who, Which, Where, That

Example: The man who lives next door is a doctor.

Example: The house, which is on the hill, belongs to my uncle.

Example: The place where we met was beautiful.

Example: This is the book that I was telling you about.

Punctuation with Linking Words

Commas: Many linking words are followed by a comma when placed at the beginning of a
sentence.

However,

Therefore, Moreover,

Consequently, Furthermore, Nevertheless, In addition,

For example,

On the other hand,

Example: However, I didn’t agree with the decision.

READ THIS TEXT

Technology has changed our lives. People use smartphones every day. Some think it's good
others say it’s bad. Social media is popular. Some people feel lonely. They don’t talk to
others face to face. They spend a lot of time on their phones. Many believe this affects
relationships. It is not always clear what the problem is. Some people have strong opinions.
They think we need to limit screen time. Others think it’s fine to use technology all the time.
People argue about this topic. The effects of technology are everywhere. Some people like it
some don’t. There are many discussions about it. Some people believe it’s making the world
better others think it’s making things worse. There are both benefits and disadvantages.
More people are working from home using technology. Schools use technology in
classrooms.

Complete the text by filling in the blanks with appropriate linking words from the box. Then, decide
where the text should be divided into paragraphs.

1. Fill in the gaps with appropriate linking words from the list.

2. Decide where the text should be divided into paragraphs for better structure and clarity.

However

On the other hand

Moreover

As a result

For example

In contrast

Therefore

In addition

Technology has changed our lives. People use smartphones every day. Some think it's good,
__________ others say it’s bad. Social media is popular. __________, some people feel
lonely. They don’t talk to others face to face. They spend a lot of time on their phones.
__________, many believe this affects relationships. It is not always clear what the problem
is. __________, some people have strong opinions. They think we need to limit screen time.
__________, others think it’s fine to use technology all the time. People argue about this
topic. __________, the effects of technology are everywhere. Some people like it,
__________ some don’t. There are many discussions about it. __________, some people
believe it’s making the world better. __________, others think it’s making things worse.
There are both benefits and disadvantages. __________, more people are working from
home using technology. Schools use technology in classrooms.

Linking Words Practice Worksheet

Part 1: Gap-Filling Exercise

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate linking word from the list below:

for example, on the other hand, on the one hand, also, furthermore, moreover, although, too,
to sum up, such as, so, despite, in addition, The first, the second, in contrast, but, however

1. _________________ it was raining, they decided to go for a walk.

2. The weather was nice. _________________, we decided to have a picnic.

3. She likes reading novels; ___________________, her brother prefers comics.

4. ________________________ his efforts, he failed the exam.

5. He enjoys outdoor sports ________________________ skiing and hiking.

6. _________________________, to understand this problem we need to look at several
examples.

7. There are many reasons for this decision. ____________________, it's more efficient.

8. You need to complete your homework, ____________________ you'll be in trouble.

Part 2: Error Correction Exercise

Correct the mistakes in the sentences below. Pay special attention to the use of linking words and the
punctuation around them.

1. I love swimming, also I love running.

2. Despite the bad weather we went hiking.

3. He didn't study hard, so. he failed the exam.

4. On the one hand the movie was funny. On the other hand it was too long.

5. We have many options. In addition we can choose from various designs.

6. The company produces many goods. For example, they make phones, too they make laptops.

Part 3: Writing Task

Write a short paragraph (6-8 sentences) about a topic of your choice, using at least five
different linking words from the list provided above. Pay attention to how you structure your
sentences and the punctuation you use.