Argumentative Text

ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT


Presentation by:
Dr. Iis Sujarwati, M.Pd

What is an argumentative text?

An argumentative text is one of the most common types of text and is characterised by trying to persuade the reader of an idea by providing arguments.
The general features of an argumentative text are:

• It champions a specific position.

• It offers data and arguments to defend that position.

• It takes opposing arguments into account, and discusses these.

• It can deal with a wide variety of topics.

What is the aim of argumentative text?

The aim of an argumentative text is to put forward a viewpoint clearly and simply, supported by data and a logical conclusion to back it up.

How is an argumentative text structured?

• Introduction: briefly explain the subject matter dealt with in the text and provide the necessary background, so the reader can understand your position. The introduction presents the thesis, which is the main idea argued for in the text. 

• Body of the argument: this usually consists of three or more paragraphs where the reasoning and data that support your point of view are outlined. Each paragraph should focus on a different idea and should begin by clearly establishing the theme you wish to develop. The opposing arguments that you'll be refuting should be included here along with your own, although the order will depend on the approach you take. 

• Conclusion: this last paragraph should focus on the final argumentation underpinning the thesis, synthesising the most important arguments as developed in the preceding paragraphs. Here, you should avoid including new ideas, and instead highlight the fundamental points in favour of your argument.

Language Features

1. Thesis Statement

• Definition: A clear, concise statement that outlines the main argument.

• Example: "Climate change is the most pressing issue of our time and requires immediate global action."

2. Formal Tone

• Definition: A professional and objective style that avoids slang and colloquial language.

• Example: "The implications of this policy are significant," instead of "This policy is a big deal."

3. Persuasive Language

• Definition: Use of emotive and impactful words to engage the reader.

• Example: "We must act now to protect our planet for future generations," rather than "We should do something about the environment."

Language Features

4. Cohesion and Coherence

• Definition: Use of transition words and phrases to ensure smooth flow and logical connections.

• Example: "Moreover, recent studies indicate that renewable energy sources can reduce carbon emissions significantly."

5. Evidence-Based Claims

• Definition: Incorporating data, statistics, and authoritative references to support arguments.

• Example: "According to a 2020 report by the IPCC, global temperatures have already risen by 1.1 degrees Celsius since the pre-industrial era."

6. Counterarguments

• Definition: Acknowledging and addressing opposing views to strengthen the main argument.

• Example: "While some argue that economic growth should take precedence over environmental concerns, evidence shows that sustainable practices can lead to long-term economic benefits."

Language Features

7. Rhetorical Questions

• Definition: Questions posed to provoke thought rather than to elicit an answer.

• Example: "Can we really afford to ignore the devastating effects of pollution on our health?"

8. Direct Address

• Definition: Engaging the reader directly to create a connection.

• Example: "Imagine a world where clean air and water are a given—this can be our reality if we act now."

9. Varied Sentence Structure

• Definition: Using a mix of complex and simple sentences for emphasis and readability.

• Example: "The evidence is clear: pollution is harming our planet. If we do not change our habits, we risk losing it forever."

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