Test Lesson

Compromise, Removal, and

Migrating to the West

US History Ch. 7 Sec. 1

Nation Compromises

Over Slavery

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Regional differences
in the US complicated
governance.

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Missouri's 1819
admission threatened
to create more slave
states than free
states.

●

This imbalance would
favor slave states in
Congress, prompting
a lengthy debate and
eventual agreement.

Missouri Compromise: 1820 agreement
calling for the admission of Missouri as a
slave state and Maine as a free state, and

banning slavery in the Louisiana

Purchase Territory north of the 36°30’N

latitude.

Southern whites felt insulted

●

Proposal to make Missouri a free state
angered southerners, who wanted to
expand slavery.

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Maine was admitted with Missouri to
maintain the balance of states.

●

Crisis highlighted North-South divide over
slavery, southerners demanded northern
silence on the issue for their safety.

Native American Removal

●

After Jackson's win, southern
states expected the removal of
60,000 Native Americans.

●

Many southern whites rejected
Native civilizations, claiming
they could never be civilized,
despite Natives adopting
aspects of white culture.

●

Jackson agreed with southern
states, believing Natives should
give way to white settlers,
prioritizing states' rights over
his nationalist views.

Indian Removal Act: act passed by
Congress in 1830 that allowed the
federal government to negotiate
land trades with the Natives in the

Southeast.

Jackson administration continued

pressure

●

Jackson pressured Native groups
to relocate west.

●

In 1838, US soldiers forcibly
marched 16,000 Cherokees to
Oklahoma, leading to at least
4,000 deaths from disease and
hardship.

Trail of Tears: forced march of the
Cherokee Natives to move west of

the Mississippi in the 1830s.

Native Wars

●

Native removal affected
Midwest Natives as well.

●

Black Hawk, chief of the
Sauk and Fox nations,
led resistance in Illinois.

●

This conflict, known as
Black Hawk’s War,
ended with their defeat
by federal troops and
local militias in 1832.

Expansionists:

person who favors

expanding the

territory or

influence of a

country.

Expansionists Seek

Manifest Destiny

●

Expansionists justified
their views by citing the
weakness of the
Mexican government
and economy.

●

Argued Mexicans did not
need land as much as
Americans for
settlement.

●

This supported the
concept of American
expansionism.

Manifest Destiny: 19th century

doctrine that westward expansion
of the United States was not only
inevitable but a God-given right.

Wagon Trains Journey West

●

The journey west from Missouri
was nearly 2,000 miles and took
about 5 months.

●

Emigrants, mostly Midwest
farmers, traveled in wagon trains.

●

The journey was risky, with
dangers like hunger and disease.

●

In 1846, the Donner Party resorted
to cannibalism while trapped in
snow.

●

Many emigrants found larger,
better farms, with about 260,000
crossing to the west coast between
1840 and 1860.

Santa Fe Trail: trail

developed by traders in the

mid-1800s, connecting

Independence, Missouri, to

Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Oregon Trail: trail from

Independence, Missouri, to
Oregon that was used by
pioneers in the mid-1800s.

Mountain Men: American
trappers who explored the

Rocky Mountains area in the

early 1800s.