Food and Nutrition

Food and Nutrition

Chp.8

Do Now

Write a 5 - sentence paragraph explaining the "You are what you eat." Do you have a voice in the foods that are bought and eaten in your house.

​Which one is the best choice to eat? They both are 750 calories.

​Nutrition in a Nutshell!!

​When it comes to nutrition it basically boils down to what variety of colors-green, orange, yellow, red and so on-you have on your plate that makes it a fairly nutritional meal.

​Important terms to know

​Nutrients: substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.

Metabolism: Chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy.


Calories: The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down measured in units.

​CARBOHYDRATES, FATS and, PROTEINS

​There are 6 classes of nutrients, but these 3 classes of nutrients are responsible for providing calories(energy) for the body. Too many of these nutrients that get stored in the body can cause weight gain.

​Carbohydrates

​These nutrients are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They supply energy for your body's functions. There are 2 types: simple and complex.


Simple Carbs: they are known as sugars. Naturally found in fruits, vegetables, and milk. They are added to candies, cookies, and soft drinks. These sugars are broken down fast in the body.

Complex Carbs: Made up of sugars that are linked together chemically to form long chains something like beads in a necklace. Starches are the main types of complex carbohydrates. They are found in many plant foods, including potatoes, grains, rice, oats, corn, wheat, tortillas, breads, and grains.

Fiber: complex carbohydrate found in plants that we cannot digest

​FATS

​Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but in different proportions. Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves. There are two types of fats: saturated and unsaturated. This nutrient produces the most calories(energy).

Unsaturated fats: Fats that come from plant products and remain a liquid at room temperature. Examples: olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, nuts, seeds, corn, and soybean oil.

Saturated fats: Fats that come from animal products and are solids at room temperature. Examples: Lard, dairy products, fats on meats. Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance found in animal products that cause health problems like heart disease. We need to limit saturated fats in our diets.

​Proteins

​These nutrients contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Protein main role is growth and repair of your body's tissues. Examples are meats, eggs, poultry, milk, dried beans, nuts, dried peas, and lentils. There are 2 types of proteins: complete and incomplete.

Complete protein: protein that comes from animals and has all essential amino acids.

Incomplete protein: protein that comes from plant products and lacks all the essential amino acids. This is how people who are vegetarian get their daily protein .

​Check for understanding

​1. What are the 3 types of nutrients that provide calories(energy)?
2. What are the 2 types of proteins?
3. What are the 2 types of fats?
4. What are the 2 types of carbohydrates?
5. What type of carbohydrates come from foods like cany and cookies?
6. What type of proteins come from animal products?
7. What type of fats come from plant products?
8.Can fiber be digested in the human body?
9. Which type of fat causes cholesterol build up in the body?
10. Which nutrient produces the most calories(energy)?

WRITE A 3 SENTENCE PARAGRAPH ABOUT WHAT YOU LEARNED TODAY

​DO NOW

​WRITE A 5 SENTENCE PARAGRAPH ABOUT WHERE DO YOU THINK MOST TEENS GET THEIR INFORMATION ABOUT NUTRITION AND HOW TRUE IS THE INFOMATION THEY ARE GETTING.

​Vitamins, Minerals, and Water

These are the other 3 nutrients that make up the 6 classes of nutrients.​
These 3 classes of nutrients do not provide calories(energy). They will not be stored in the body and cause weight gain.

​Vitamins

​Vitamins are nutrients made by living things, are required in small amounts, and assist in chemical reactions in the body. Example when you get a cut or scrape vitamin K helps your blood clot, so you don't continuously bleed. There are 2 types of vitamins: fat soluble and water soluble. Antioxidants are vitamins that help protect healthy cells from damaging.

Fat soluble: vitamins that dissolve in fatty materials found in vitamin A, D, E, and K which are in liver, eggs, cheese, milk, vegetable oils, yellow, orange, and dark green vegetables. They are stored in the body.

Water soluble: vitamins that dissolve in water found are found in vitamin C and all the vitamins B. They are found in fruits and vegetables. They cannot be stored in the body.

​Minerals

​Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil. Plants get minerals from rocks and soil through their roots and animals get minerals from the plants they eat or the animals they eat that ate plants with minerals.
24 different types of minerals have been shown to be essential for good health. We need 7 minerals - calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur in large amounts. Iron, fluorine, iodine, copper, and zinc we only need trace(little) amounts. Minerals perform a variety of functions in the body. Examples calcium- strong bones, potassium-maintain water balance in the body, iron-healthy red blood cells, keeps you from being anemic, sodium-functioning of the heart and water balance.

​WATER

​The most important nutrient of all 6. About 65% of your body is water. Nearly all of the body's chemical reactions, including those that produce energy and build new tissue take place in water solutions. WATER is the primary component in blood and tissue, it carries dissolved waste products out of the body and helps digest food. Water prevents dehydration, regulates body temperature through homeostasis (when the body overheats you sweat to cool the body down). Females 14-18 need at least ten 8oz. cups per day. Males 14-18 need at least 14 cups a day. This can be from foods that contain water, teas. juices, but not necessarily from sodas with caffeine.

​WATER

​you should drink 2 cups of water 2 hrs before exercise. During exercise you should drink every 15 minutes. Sports drinks are not necessary if you exercise for an hour or less.

​Guidelines for Healthful Eating

​Dietary Guidelines for Americans is a document developed by nutrition experts to promote health and help reduce the risk for heart disease, cancer, and diabetes through diet and physical activity. The guideline provides information on how to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity. Nutrient dense foods- foods with a lot of vitamins and minerals compared to the number of calories. Examples: lean meats, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, not chips, cookies, cakes, and soft drinks. They are high in calories and low in nutrients. Eat meals with a variety of foods with color, snacks need to be nutrient dense, eating out drink water instead of drinks, fruit or salad over fries, grilled chicken over burgers.

​Check for understanding

​In your books complete questions 1- 12 page 216
ANSWERS ONLY!!!