Epidermis

The structure of the skin

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• Identify and Describe Skin Layers and Subdivisions
  you will be able to identify and describe the three main layers of the skin and accurately list the subdivisions within each layer.

• Explain the Structure and Function of the Epidermis
  you will be able to describe the structure of the epidermis, including the key cells and layers within it, and explain at least one specific function of the layer.

• Define Skin Pigmentation and Protective Measures
  you will be able to define skin pigmentation, explain the role of melanin in skin colour, and list at least three methods to protect the skin from UV damage and other environmental hazards.

• use key exam terminology

  you will be able to answer key exam style questions using the correct terms

​Intentions

we can think of the skin like a 3 tiered cake.
1. The top layer is the epidermis

2. The middle layer is the dermis

3. The bottom layer is they hypodermis or subcutaneous

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​Layers of the skin

​Divided into 5 layers

​Divided into 2 layers

​1 layer also called hypodermis

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The layers of the skin

The skin is made up of 3 layers
- The epidermis is subdivided onto 5 layers
- The dermis is subdivided into 2 layers (Papillary and reticular layers)
- The hypodermis or subcutaneous is made up of adipose or fat cells

Reorder

Reorder the following from the topmost to bottom

• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Hypodermis

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Match

Match the following

• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Hypodermis

5 layers

2 layers

1 layer

• 5 layers

• 2 layers

• 1 layer

Drag and Drop

The epidermis has​

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layers. The dermis is the thickest of the skins layer it is divided into 2 layers the​

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and the reticular. The subcutaneous is made up of fat cells known as ​

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tissue.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

5

papillary

adipose

​Which layer of the the skin is the thinnest?

Where on your face or body do you think your skin is the thinnest?

When doing treatments why would you treat this area carefully?

Open Ended

Which of the 3 layers of the the skin is the thinnest?

Open Ended

Where on your face or body do you think your skin is the thinnest?
When doing treatments why would you treat this area carefully?

The epidermis

Structure of the epidermis

​The epidermis is made up of 5 layers

From top to bottom
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum

Poll

What is the definition of the word stratum?

• Layers

• Organs

• Skin

• Levels

Blood

capillaries

• Stratum Germinativum
• Living layer
• Cells divide by a process called mitosis

• Cells are pushed upwards as they reproduce

• Cells are plump and cube shaped with a nucleus

• Melanin pigment found here

• Supplied with oxygen and nutrients from the blood capillaries in the dermis which is the layer below the epidermis

It gives you colour.

Your epidermis has special 
melanin-making cells called melanocytes.

Different people produce different amounts of melanin. That’s why people come in different shades of beige, tan, and brown.

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​What is melanin

​The skin produces melanin to protect itself when we expose it to UV ultra violet rays. Darker skins produce more melanin but this is not enough to protect from skin damage

​Function of melanin

Multiple Choice

 

What is the main purpose of melanin in the skin?

• To help cells divide

• To provide structural support

• To protect against UV radiation

• To increase blood flow to skin cells

Some skin damage happens immediately after sun exposure such as sunburn. However, some will take years to show such as skin cancer which damages the skins DNA and wrinkles where UV damages the collagen in the skin.

​skin damage

Poll

Darker skins cannot get skin cancer:

• TRUE

• FALSE

Poll

The sun is one of the biggest causes of skin ageing?

• TRUE

• FALSE

Open Ended

What 4 things can you recommend to clients to avoid skin damage?

• Stratum Spinosum
• Living layer
• Cells have tiny outgrowths giving a spikey appearance

• Keeps the skin strong and flexible

• This layer thins with age
It also contains Langerhans cells, immune cells that alert the body to the presence of antigens that invade damaged skin

​Langerhans cells are white blood cells that help the immune system fight infection and protect the body from foreign invaders, like bacteria, fungi and viruses, collectively these can be called pathogens

Multiple Choice

Pathogens can be made up of which of the following?

• Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
• Viruses, hormones, and enzymes
• Bacteria, proteins, and minerals
• Algae, prions, and toxins

• Stratum Granulosum
• Process of keratinisation begins

• Cells are dying and losing moisture, organelles die and keratin is produced this replaces the cytoplasm

• Cells become flatter

• Cells begin to fuse together to form a tough layer

what is keratin?

• Stratum Lucidum
• Cells appear translucent
• Further keratinisation takes place

•This layer is found on soles of the feet and palms of the hands. It acts as a waterproof barrier

Multiple Choice

Where is the stratum lucidum found?

• In the dermis layer of the skin.
• In the subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin.
• In the mucous membranes of the mouth.
• In the epidermis, in thick skin like palms and soles.

• Stratum Corneum
• Topmost / outer layer of the epidermis

The function of the corneum is to protect from the environment and prevent water loss. It protects from harm and damage

• Composed of flat, dead cells

• Cells shed off due to fricton

This is known as Desquamation

• There are 10-20 layers of cells held together with keratin bonds and lipids (fats)

Match

Match the following

• STRATUM CORNEUM

• STRATUM

  LUCIDUM

• STRATUM GRANULOSUM

• STRATUM SPINOSUM

• STRATUM GERMINATIVUM

HORNEY LAYER

CLEAR LAYER

GRANULAR LAYER

PRICKLE LAYER

BASAL LAYER

• HORNEY LAYER

• CLEAR LAYER

• GRANULAR LAYER

• PRICKLE LAYER

• BASAL LAYER

Multiple Choice

What do pathogens cause?

• Pathogens cause diseases.
• Pathogens cause health benefits.
• Pathogens cause immunity.
• Pathogens cause growth in plants.

Match

Match the following

• stratum corneum

• stratum spinosum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum corneum

• stratum germinitivum

Cells lose their moisture and nucleus

Cells appear spiky due to outgrowths

Cells appear translucent

Topmost layer; cells shed due to friction

New cells are generated here

• Cells lose their moisture and nucleus

• Cells appear spiky due to outgrowths

• Cells appear translucent

• Topmost layer; cells shed due to friction

• New cells are generated here

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The stratum corneum is the deepest layer of the epidermis. (True/False)

​Use your mini white board to write true or false

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The stratum lucidum is only visible on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. (True/False)

​Use your mini white board to write true or false

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The process of keratinization begins in the stratum granulosum. (True/False)

​Use your mini white board to write true or false

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The stratum germinativum, also known as the basal layer, is responsible for cell division. (True/False)

​Use your mini white board to write true or false

​

Melanin alone is enough to fully protect the skin from UV damage. (True/False)

​Use your mini white board to write true or false

​

Some sun damage can take years to become visible on the skin. (True/False)

​Use your mini white board to write true or false

​

UV radiation can damage collagen, leading to wrinkles. (True/False)

​Use your mini white board to write true or false