African Nationalism & Pan-Africa Movement

African Nationalism & Pan-African Movement

​SS7H1b

I can explain how the Pan-African movement and nationalism led to independence in Kenya and Nigeria.

​Africans are Unhappy

• Under European rule, African people were unhappy and were not treated very well

• This led to them to fight against their unequal status and lack of political power!

• They felt they should have control over their own lands, resources, and governments

Multiple Choice

Why were so many Africans unhappy?

• different ethnic groups were forced to live in the same countries

• European powers partitioned Africa & took control

• some ethnic groups were forced to live in different countries

• All of these

​Nationalism

• Nationalism - a sense of pride in one's own country and a desire to control it

• Nationalism began to sweep across the African continent and increased people's desire for freedom

​Pan-Africa Movement

• believed all people of African descent, both within Africa and those living on other countries, share a common heritage and should work together for their feedom

​Pan-Africa Movement

• In the early 1900s, the Pan-African movement began as a response to European colonial rule

​Pan-African Congress

• The fifth congress was held in 1945 after World War II in Manchester, England

  • drew 90 delegates from around the world

  • raised international awareness of racism & colonialism within Africa

  • laid the foundation of African nationalism

    • this was a major motivation in Kenya & Nigeria fighting for independence

​Independence for Kenya

• Kenya became a British colony in 1920.

• Under British rule:

  • Kenyans had to pay high taxes

  • They did not enjoy the same access to new jobs as the British colonists did

  • The government took land and gave it to British colonists and war veterans

• Indigenous Kenyans were outraged!!

​Independence for Kenya

• By the 1950s, indigenous Kenyans grew tired of discrimination and inequality.

• A group of fighters known as the Mau Mau rose up and attacked British authorities.

  • The British government responded with military force.

  • Between 1956-1960, 11,000 Mau Mau fighters were killed and 20,000 were placed in detention camps

• The Mau Mau may have lost BUT the uprising was a success!

​Independence for Kenya

• The Mau Mau uprising:

  • spread nationalism throughout Kenya

  • showed the British that Kenyans would fight back

  • raised international awareness about the struggle for Kenyan independence

• Great Britain slowly began granting Kenya’s indigenous citizens improved rights and returning their rightful lands

• Kenya kept fighting for complete freedom and finally gained independence in 1963

Multiple Choice

How did the people of Kenya gain their independence?

• by using peaceful means

• by using violence

​Independence for Nigeria

• Nigeria came under British rule in 1914.

• They wanted access to Nigeria’s abundant resources:

  • palm oil, cocoa, and ground nuts

• The British government established a policy known as indirect rule in Nigeria

  • native chiefs were allowed to rule in some areas, but British officers oversaw them and could veto their decisions

  • British colonists disrespected the customs of Nigerians

​Independence for Nigeria

• The British claimed that the Nigerian people had control over their land and nation

  • this was NOT TRUE!!!

• The British had control

• Nigerians had to work for little money & had to pay high taxes

  • They tried to protest, but the British stopped and punished them

• Nigerians kept demanding for their freedom and encouraged nationalism

​Independence for Nigeria

• After WWII, nationalism in Nigeria grew even stronger

• Even though different ethnic groups lived in Nigeria, nationalism & the desire for freedom united them

• After many, mostly peaceful protests they were allowed to elect their own government

• Nigeria gained full independence in 1960

Multiple Choice

How did the people of Nigeria gain their independence?

• by using peaceful means

• by using violence

​Peace in Nigeria?

• Tensions developed between different ethnic groups and led to a civil war known as the Biafran War.

  • between the Biafran and Igbo peoples and

  • traced back to the partitioning of Africa, which placed rival ethnic groups together

• Nigeria has also suffered five military government takeovers between 1960, when Nigeria became a democracy, and 1999

• Ethnic conflicts continue today

Match

Match the vocab words and defintions

• a sense of pride in one's own country and a desire to control it

• all people of African descent share a common heritage and should work together for their freedom

• 2 countries in Africa that gained independence

nationalism

Pan-Africa movement

Kenya & Nigeria

• nationalism

• Pan-Africa movement

• Kenya & Nigeria