Study for quiz Natural Selection and Genetic Drift

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?

• An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.

• A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.

• A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes.

• The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.

Multiple Choice

Charles Darwin studied the finches of the Galapagos Islands and found that their beaks vary in shape. Darwin found that the finches that ate mostly insects had long, narrow beaks. Finches that ate mostly seeds had shorter, broad beaks that they used to crush seeds. Which statement below best describes how natural selection resulted in the four types of finches shown above?

• The narrow-beaked finches came first, and evolved into the broad-beaked finches through a series of natural mutations.

• The residents of the Galapagos Islands selectively bred finches that had the traits that the residents wanted them to have.

• The broad-beaked finches wore down their beaks digging for insects and passed these narrower beaks on to their offspring.

• Over time, the finches that were born with beaks better suited to the available food supply in their habitats survived and reproduced.

Multiple Choice

When a small group leaves their mainland to found a new colony, this is considered as

• Bottleneck effect

• Adaptation

• Founder effect

• Cause and effect

Multiple Choice

When the population significantly decreases due to a natural disaster (meteor, hurricane, etc), this type of Genetic Drift is considered the

• Bottleneck effect

• Gene Flow

• Founder effect

• Allele frequency

Multiple Choice

genetic change in a species over time

• natural selection

• evolution

• genetics

• variation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes what the image represents?

• Genetic Drift

• Migration

• Mutation

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

Why did Charles Darwin think that the finches he studied had different sizes and shapes of beaks?

• They like they way they looked

• To blend in with the environment

• Because of the types of food available to them

• To better suit their body types

Multiple Choice

What term means, "any changes in an organism's DNA?"

• mutation

• variation

• fitness

• adaptation

Multiple Choice

Natural selection is when the organisms with the best traits do what?

• starve and die

• survive and reproduce

• survive and fly away

• stay the same and reproduce

Multiple Choice

Select the best answer based on the image.

• Gene Flow

• Genetic Drift

Multiple Choice

Genetic drift is more likely to happen in...

• aquatic populations

• small populations

• terrestrial populations

• older populations

Multiple Choice

The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called

• the Hardy-Weinberg principle
• the founder effect
• directional selection
• the bottleneck effect

Multiple Choice

This occurs when a large population is drastically reduced by an event such as a natural disaster; the population's new gene pool only contains alleles from the survivors

• Founder effect

• Bottleneck effect

• Meteor effect

• Natural selection

Gene Flow

• Gene flow — also called migration — is any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to anothe

Founder effect

• The founder effect occurs when a portion of the population (i.e. “founders”) separates from the old population to start a new population with different allele frequencies.

The Bottleneck Effect

• Occurs when only a few individuals survive and reduce variation in the gene pool of a population.

• The genetic structure of the survivors becomes the genetic structure of the entire population, which may be very different from the pre-disaster population.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of the founder effect?

• Humans choose two dogs they like the characteristics of and breed them together.

• Affected individuals with blue skin can trace their ancestry back to one of the first settlers in the region.

• The environment of a fox population changes and over time foxes who are white survive and pass on their genes to their offspring.

• Cheetah populations reach their lowest levels with reduced diversity and as they rebound are so genetically similar they appear to be inbred.