7C Unit Assessment Study Guide

7C Brain Science Unit Assessment Review

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Practice Using Idioms

Examples:

• Break a leg

• A dime a dozen

• Costs an arm and a leg

• Piece of cake

• Beat around the bush

• Barking up the wrong tree

• Under the weather

• Walking on eggshells

Multiple Choice

What does it mean to "walk on eggshells"?

• To be gentle with the way you address concerns

• To walk somewhere

• To move about in a certain way

• To be very careful with your actions and words

Multiple Choice

What does it mean when someone describes something as a "pretty penny"?

• It indicates something is of low quality.
• It means something is expensive.

• It means something is of high quality.

• It means the item is beautiful.

• stops us from acting on impulse and inhibits risk-taking

• not yet developed in adolescence

Prefrontal Cortex:

• particularly sensitive to the rewarding feeling that risk-taking sometimes elicits

  
  

• ​fully developed in adolescence

Limbic System:

The Limbic System and Prefrontal Cortex

Multiple Choice

Which of the following deals with reward?

• The Limbic System

• The Prefrontal Cortex

Multiple Choice

Which of the following deals with preventing risky behavior?

• The Limbic System

• The Prefrontal Cortex

Multiple Choice

Based on the information we just read, which of the following influences adolescents (teenagers) more?

• The Limbic System

• The Prefrontal Cortex

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates an adolescent relying on the Limbic System rather than their Prefrontal Cortex?

• playing a video game

• finishing their homework

• shouting angrily at a classmate

• getting sent to the office for fighting

Read the following paragraph.

Multiple Choice

Select the correct description of what this paragraph tells the reader.

• It explains that adolescents take more risks because they are naturally more impulsive than children.

• It explains that adolescents have more freedom to take risks because parents and society allow them more independence.

• It explains that younger children take fewer risks because they are not interested in exploring their environment.

• It explains that society encourages adolescents to avoid risk-taking by setting strict boundaries on their behavior.

Read the following paragraph.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the author's purpose in writing this paragraph?

• To explain the 'dual systems model' and how it accounts for differences in risk-taking between adolescents and adults.

• To argue that adolescents should not be blamed for risk-taking because it is biologically driven.

• To highlight the importance of teaching adolescents how to regulate their behavior more effectively.

• To compare the neurological development of adolescents with that of adults in unrelated contexts.

People who think the brain is divided into different parts, with each part controlling specific things.

They believe that if one part of the brain is damaged, anything that part controlled is ruined and the brain can no longer provide that function.

Localizers:

People who think the brain works as one connected whole, like a cloud or jelly, with all parts working together.

They believe if one part is damaged, another part can take over and provide the exact same function.

Whole Brainers:

Whole Brainers and Localizers

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between Whole Brainers and Localizers?

• Whole Brainers believe that any part of the brain can take over any function, while Localizers believe the brain has no specific functions.

• Whole Brainers believe different parts of the brain have specific jobs, while Localizers believe the brain works as one big connected system.

• Whole Brainers believe injuries cause permanent loss of certain skills, while Localizers believe brain injuries can be easily fixed.

• Whole Brainers believe the brain works as one connected whole, while Localizers believe different parts of the brain control specific functions.

Evidence

Go to 7C 1.7 Number 2

Find evidence to support your answer regarding the differences between the Whole Brainers and the Localizers.

We will discuss this in 5 minutes.

Construct your answer verbally.

Use your evidence to explain the differences to your partner.

2 minutes.

Read the following paragraph.

Multiple Choice

What does the author think about the phrenological theory that bumps on the head indicate personality traits or brain functions?

• The author believes the theory was a groundbreaking discovery for its time.

• The author supports the theory and finds it fascinating.

• The author is skeptical of the theory, suggesting it was an oversimplified idea.

• The author believes the theory is scientifically proven and highly accurate.

Multiple Choice

How does Phineas Gage’s injury support the theory of the Localizers?

• The injury damaged parts of the brain responsible for personality, proving that personality traits are localized to specific brain regions.

• The injury caused a total loss of personality and physical abilities, supporting the idea of a single, unified brain function.

• The injury only affected his motor skills, showing that specific brain regions control physical functions.

• The injury led to complete memory loss, showing that memory functions are scattered throughout the brain.

The Dual Systems Model

The Dual Systems Model helps explain why teenagers sometimes take more risks, like trying dangerous stunts or making choices that seem reckless. It says that two parts of the brain are growing at different speeds during adolescence.

​The Reward System (The Limbic System): This part of the brain makes you feel excited and happy when you do something fun or get a reward, like eating something delicious or winning a game. In teenagers, this part is very active, which makes them more likely to want to take risks to get those rewards.

The Impulse Control System (The Prefrontal Cortex):
This part of the brain helps you stop and think before you act, like when you decide not to shout out in class or not to run into traffic. In teenagers, this part is still developing, so it’s harder for them to control their impulses or think about the consequences of their actions.

Multiple Choice

Why do teenagers sometimes take more risks, according to the Dual Systems Model?

• Their reward system is highly active, but their impulse control system is still developing.

• They are less interested in rewards, so they avoid risky behaviors.

• Their impulse control system is stronger than their reward system.

• Their brains are fully developed, so they make smarter decisions.