Introduction to World Geography Part 2: Semester Review

Introduction to World Geography Part 2 Semester Review

Biomes

Tundra: found mainly in the polar regions and at high elevations. Known for large stretches of bare ground and rock with sparse vegetation due to a short growing season. Soil may experience permafrost

Temperate forest: Also known as deciduous forest. Temperatures range from -22° to 86°F. Exposed to both warm and cold air masses which cause the region to experience all four seasons.

Taiga spans subarctic and northern temperate regions. The sun never actually reaches directly overhead, so this is considered a cold biome.

Biomes

Tropical Rainforest: Located close to the equator and on average receive between 8-15 feet of rainfall each year. Most diverse biome in the world.

Grasslands: also known as prairies or steppes. It is usually semi-arid, receiving between 10-35 inches of rain, making it unable to grow trees.

Savanna: grasslands with scattered trees and are usually found near hot tropical areas. Have distinct wet and dry seasons with extensive periods of drought that can result in fires.

Desert: found on the downwind side of a mountain range or formed by the dry air. Very little precipitation and temperatures that range from freezing at night, to 104°F during the day.

Multiple Choice

Which fauna would you find in the tundra biome?

• polar bears, caribou, artic foxes

• anacondas, poison dart frogs, toucans

• bison, wild horses, prairie dogs

• zebras, giraffes, cheetahs

Climate Zones

Tropical: Year-round average temperature over 64°. Receive intense sunlight and have an average of 2.4 inches of rain a month. Found mainly near the equator.

Arid: Primarily defined by its lack of precipitation. The average amount of precipitation is around 10 inches per year. Can be hot or cold.

Temperate: Found between the tropical and polar regions. Has a wide temperature range as well as distinct seasonal variations.

Continental: tend to have hot summers and cold winters. These regions are generally large land masses with prevailing winds and are not influenced by bodies of water.

Polar: located near the North and South Poles. Characterized by their cool summers and frigid winters. The average temperature rarely gets above 50° F.

Multiple Choice

Which answer choice best describes the temperate climate?

• A climate that is always dry and can be hot or cold

• A climate with extreme temperatures and can be found near the poles

• A climate characterized by constant rainfall throughout the year and can be found near the equator

• A climate with moderate temperatures and distinct seasons.

Population and Demographics

Population: refers to the total number of people living in an area

Demographics: involve breaking down that population into smaller groups, based on characteristics such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, etc.

Stage 1: High birth and mortality rates = slow population growth

Stage 2: mortality rate declines = rapid population growth

Stage 3: Improved education and economic opportunity = birth rate slows

Stage 4: Low birth and mortality rates = slow or no population growth

Match

Match the population pyramids to the stage of development

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• Stage 4

Culture

Cultural Hearth: Place of origin for a cultural trend. In the past, cultural hearths were early civilizations. Today, most cultural trends begin in major cities like Los Angeles, Tokyo, Paris, and New York.

Cultural Diffusion: The spread of culture from one place to another It can happen through trade, migration, conquest, or even modern technology.

Acculturation: The adoption of new forms of culture or changes. This is most often a minority culture adopting practices of a more dominant culture.

Cultural appropriation: Where a dominant group uses a minority’s culture for its own benefit.

Cultural Preservation: Includes safeguarding traditions, artifacts, and historical sites.

Match

Match the cultural definitions.

• Cultural Diffusion

• Cultural Hearth

• Cultural appropriation

• Acculturation

Spread of cultural belief; yoga or sushi

The origin of culture; NY or Tokyo

using culture for own benefit; Redskins

One culture adopt practices from another

• Spread of cultural belief; yoga or sushi

• The origin of culture; NY or Tokyo

• using culture for own benefit; Redskins

• One culture adopt practices from another

Forms of Government

Monarchy: a king or queen reigns over the state, usually for life and by hereditary right

Constitutional Monarchy: a monarch is guided by a constitution that limits their power & responsibilities.

Democracy: people vote to determine their laws and government

Republic: people elect political leaders, including presidents, prime ministers, and representatives to lead the government

Forms of Government

Communism: economic & government system in which the government controls all property and wealth

Totalitarian: the government exerts total control over the population, which has few rights or power.

Dictatorship: a person rules with almost unlimited power

Republic: people elect political leaders, including presidents, prime ministers, and representatives to lead the government

Match

Match the Country to the Form of Government

• Dictatorship

• Constitutional Monarchy

• Republic

• Monarchy

• Communism

North Korea

United Kingdom

United States

Saudi Arabia

Cuba

• North Korea

• United Kingdom

• United States

• Saudi Arabia

• Cuba

Economic Systems

Traditional: characterized by customs, traditions, and rituals governing economic activities. These societies often rely on agriculture, hunting, and gathering, and decisions are passed down through generations.

Command: often associated with communism, are centrally planned. The government takes control of all economic decisions, including what and how much to produce.

Free market: have no government interference in economic activities. Instead, the forces of supply and demand determine production, distribution, and pricing.

A mixed economy: combines elements of both free market and command economies. While individuals and businesses are free to make decisions in the market, the government also plays a role in regulating and overseeing economic activities.

Match

Match the economic systems.

• Traditional

• Command

• Free Market

• Mixed Market

Relies on customs and traditions

Government controls resources

Based on supply and demand

Combination of various systems

• Relies on customs and traditions

• Government controls resources

• Based on supply and demand

• Combination of various systems

Map Vocabulary

Equator: the horizontal imaginary lines of 0° latitude

Latitude: horizontal imaginary lines that give the locations North and South of the Equator

Prime Meridian: the vertical imaginary lines of 0° longitude

Longitude: the vertical imaginary lines that give the locations East and West of the Prime Meridian

Compass Rose: displays the orientation of the cardinal directions and their intermediate points.

Map Legend: also known as key. Shows any symbol or color on map and what they mean

Map Scale: defines distance on a map. Can be written, graphic or fractional.

Match

Match the picture to the correct lines.

Longitude

Latitude

Prime Meridian

Equator

• Longitude

• Latitude

• Prime Meridian

• Equator

Other Vocab

Push Factor: Reason people LEAVE a place. Can be environmental, social, or political

Pull Factors: Reason people ENTER a place. Can be environmental, social, or political

Globalization: the process by which the world becomes increasingly interconnected through trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

Climate: pattern of weather conditions in a certain area over a long period of time