Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions

Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions

Rifky Dora Wijayati (Kiky)
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta

“The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you”. B.B.King

Guess the title

​Exercise 1

Poll

What is the title of the movie in the image?

• Kingsman : The Secret Service

• Kingsman: The Golden Circle

• The Kings' Man

Poll

What is the title of the movie in the image?

• Descendants of The Sun

• Crash Landing on You

• Suspicious Partner

Poll

What is the title of the movie in the image?

• Person of Interest

• People of Interest

• Peace of Interest

What is making inference?

​Making an inference from the image is?

analyzing the visual elements, such as characters, settings, expressions, colors, and actions, to draw a logical conclusion. It requires observing details and using prior knowledge to interpret the scene and make predictions or assumptions

What about making inferences from other sources?

Making inferences

​Exercise 2

Multiple Choice

Your professor sends an email saying, “Please ensure, you submit your assignment by the deadline. Late submissions will not be accepted.”

What can you infer about the professor’s expectations?

• The professor is flexible with deadlines.

• The professor values punctuality.

• The professor encourages late submissions.

• The professor dislikes assignments.

Multiple Choice

Your lecturer says during class, “Next week, we will have a guest speaker who is an expert in renewable energy. Please prepare questions in advance.”

What can you infer about the purpose of the session?

• To entertain the students with stories.

• To provide students with detailed knowledge about renewable energy.

• To test students’ knowledge on the topic.

• To conduct a debate on renewable energy.

Multiple Choice

A notice at the library reads: “Please remain silent. Group discussions can be held in designated rooms. Thank you”

What can you infer about the library environment?

• The library is intended for casual socializing.

• The library discourages all discussions.

• The library has no rules about noise levels.

• The library prioritizes a quiet atmosphere for study.

Multiple Choice

The syllabus for your Communication Skills course states: “Participation in group discussions and presentations is a key component of this class.”

What can you infer about the course's teaching approach?

• It encourages interactive and collaborative learning.

• It emphasizes written assignments over verbal tasks.

• It does not value student participation.

• It focuses solely on lectures.

Multiple Choice

A sign at the cafeteria says: “Starting next week, only reusable containers will be allowed for take-away orders.”

What can you infer about the cafeteria’s policy?

• It discourages customers from taking food outside.

• It supports the use of disposable containers.

• It is promoting an environmentally friendly initiative.

• It wants to limit the number of take-away orders.

Making inferences in reading

Making inferences in reading

Making inferences in reading

Making inferences in reading

The following paragraphs are from the story "Charlie and the Dreadful Flood" by Luna Walberg published in 2023

​It has been months since that fateful night, but I still felt terrible, when I read the news about the Buffalo River and the Cazenovia Creek bursting their banks.

We have yet to return to our old home, as the train services were suspended and the miles of tracks were destroyed.

The principals of Erie Railroad that connected Buffalo and New York City was washed away in multiple places. My grandfather cannot say for certain when, but I yearn to go back home soon.

Making inferences in reading

Making inferences

​Exercise 3

​In the dead of night, our neighborhood was flooded, and my family had to abandon our home. We carried what belongings we could in a rowboat that the firefighters arrived in. They brought us and our neighbors to a more secure location.

Making inferences

​Exercise 4

​In the dead of night, our neighborhood was flooded, and my family had to abandon our home. We carried what belongings we could in a rowboat that the firefighters arrived in. They brought us and our neighbors to a more secure location.

Open Ended

What can you infer based on this statement:
We carried what belongings we could in a rowboat that the firefighters arrived in.

Open Ended

What can you infer based on this statement:

It has been months since that fateful night, but I still felt terrible, when I read the news about the Buffalo River and the Cazenovia Creek bursting their banks.

Open Ended

What can you infer based on this statement:

We have yet to return to our old home, as the train services were suspended and the miles of tracks were destroyed. The principals of Erie Railroad that connected Buffalo and New York City was washed away in multiple places.

Drawing conclusions

A conclusion is a decision or judgment reached after considering all the evidence and reasoning logically. It usually summarizes or evaluates a broader situation.

​Conclusion

An inference is a logical guess or assumption based on evidence and prior knowledge. It involves interpreting information to figure out something that isn’t explicitly stated.

Inferences

Inferences vs Conclusion

Definition

Broader and final understanding.

​Conclusion

Immediate and specific observations or details.

Inferences

Inferences vs Conclusion

Focus

• Conclusion: More definitive and requires sufficient evidence.

  • "What is the final understanding based on all the evidence?"

• Inference: More about guessing based on partial information.

  • "What might be happening based on this evidence?"

Inferences vs Conclusion

Key Difference

Broader and final understanding.

​Conclusion

Immediate and specific observations or details.

Inferences

Inferences vs Conclusion

Focus

Drawing Conclusions

​Exercise 4

Multiple Choice

Your professor sends an email saying, “Please ensure you submit your assignment by the deadline. Late submissions will not be accepted.”

What can you conclude about the professor's policy on deadlines?

• The professor is strict about deadlines and expects timely submissions.

• The professor allows flexibility for late submissions.

• The professor rarely checks assignment deadlines.

• The professor doesn't prioritize deadlines.

Multiple Choice

Your lecturer says during class, “Next week, we will have a guest speaker who is an expert in renewable energy. Please prepare questions in advance.”

What can you conclude about the guest speaker session?

• It will be an informal session with no student interaction.

• It will focus on enhancing students' knowledge in renewable energy.

• It will involve a detailed debate among students.

• It is meant for entertainment purposes only.

Multiple Choice

A notice at the library reads: “Please maintain silence. Group discussions can be held in designated rooms.”

What can you conclude about the purpose of the library rules?

• The library is focused on maintaining a productive study environment.

• The library does not allow any group discussions.

• The library encourages noisy group activities.

• The library has no specific rules for study spaces.

Multiple Choice

The syllabus for your Communication Skills course states: “Participation in group discussions and presentations is a key component of this class.”

What can you conclude about the learning style emphasized in this course?

• It does not involve any interactive elements.

• It only focuses on written communication.

• It discourages active student involvement.

• It is designed to develop students' communication and teamwork skills.

Multiple Choice

A sign at the cafeteria says: “Starting next week, only reusable containers will be allowed for take-away orders.”

What can you conclude about the cafeteria’s goals?

• The cafeteria does not prioritize environmental initiatives.

• The cafeteria discourages customers from taking food home.

• The cafeteria prefers disposable containers.

• The cafeteria aims to reduce environmental waste.

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After this presentation, what do you expect when you are asked to answer questions related to making inferences and drawing conclusions?