General Grammar 24-25 Review Lesson

General Grammar 24-25
Review

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Polite or formal way to ask something by embedding a question in a statement.

​DEFINITION

Statement Form: Use normal sentence structure (subject + verb).

Introductory Phrases:

• "Could you tell me...?"

• "I was wondering...?"

• "Do you know...?"

INDIRECT QUESTIONS

​Examples

Direct: "Where is the library?" -> Indirect: "Could you tell me where the library is?"

Direct: "What time is the meeting?" -> Indirect: "I was wondering what time the meeting is."

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Indirect speech, or reported speech, conveys what someone has said without quoting their exact words.

​DEFINITION

TENSE CHANGES:
present simple -> past simple
present continuous -> past continuous
past simple, present perfect simple -> past perfect
past continuous, present perfect continous -> past perfect continuous
will -> would
can -> could

INDIRECT SPEECH

CONJUNCTIONS:
QUESTION -> IF
STATEMENT -> (THAT)
QUESTION with QUESTION WORD -> keep the QUESTION WORD
IMPERATIVE -> INFINITIVE

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Various forms that communicate plans, predictions, and ongoing actions in the future.

​DEFINITION

PRESENT TENSES:
PRESENT SIMPLE -> TIMETABLES
PRESENT CONTINUOUS -> AGENDA

FUTURE

GOING TO + INFINITIVE -> PLANS, PREDICTIONS

WILL + INFINITIVE -> IN THE MOMENT!

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Connects past actions to the present. It is used to describe experiences, changes, or actions that have relevance to the current moment.

​DEFINITION

FORM:
verb TO HAVE conjugated in the present
+
past participle (3rd column) of the main verb

PRESENT PERFECT

​present

past

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Conditional sentences are used to express situations that depend on a certain condition, often structured with “if” clauses. They describe possible outcomes based on specific circumstances.

​DEFINITION

0 "If" + present simple, present simple
1 "If" + present simple, will + infinitive



2 "If" + past simple, would + infinitive
3 "If" + past perfect, would + have + past participle

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

REAL

HYPOTHETICAL

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Shifts the focus from the doer (subject) of an action to the receiver of the action. It is commonly used when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious.

​DEFINITION

ACTIVE SENTENCE:
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

PASSIVE FORM

PASSIVE SENTENCE:
OBJECT + VERB TO BE (in the tense of the main verb) + PAST PARTICIPLE (main verb) [+ BY + SUBJECT]