History and Expansion of Russia and the Eurasian Republics

​History and Expansion of Russia and the Eurasian Republics

​Objectives/Goals

​Vocabulary

• Describe how Russia expanded its territory throughout history

• Explain the impact of expansion on the people living in Russia and the Eurasian republics

• Analyze the impact of early Russian czars

• Czar

• Czarina

• Dynasty

• Khan

• Kremlin

• Nomadic

• Silk Road

• Tribute

• Westernization

• Yurt

​Essential Question: What factors influenced the history and expansion of Russia and the Eurasian republics?

Open Ended

Where in the World is Comet?

(Specific Place name and country)

Clue 1: This country is a landlocked country in Central Asia.

Clue 2: People from this country call it "Hayastan".

Clue 3: This place is located on a basalt plateau in this country.

Clue 4: This place is famous for its Gavazan.

Clue 5: This place's name means "to give wings".

Where in the World is Comet?

Multiple Choice

This painting is called Battle of the Scythians with the Slavs.

Based on what you know if the physcial geography of this region, where would you infer that this battle is taking place?

• The Steppes

• The Desert

• The Taiga

• Arctic Circle

​Early Civilizations and Empires

• 5th Century: Early Civilizations

  • Nomadic Groups (Scythians, Kazakhs, and Turkic): people that moved from place to place to gather resources

  • Occupation:

    • Headers: cattle and horses

    • Hunters and Traders

  • Homes: Yurts - portable tents made of felt

  • Organization: Tribes or Clans led by a Chieftan

  • Traditions:

  • Horsemanship: mounted warriors

  • Archers: bows made from wood and animal muscles

​Early Civilizations and Empires

• 1000 BCE - The Achaemenid Empire (The Persians)

  • Ruled by King Cyrus the Great

  • One of the largest empires in history

• What are they known for?

  • Tolerance towards different cultures and religions

  • Infrastructure Developments

    • Road Systems

    • Large Armies

​Early Civilizations and Empires

• 330 BCE - The Alexander the Great

  • Ruler of Macedonia

  • Conquered much of the known world

  • Spread Greek culture throughout the world

• 323 BCE - Death of Alexander the Great

  • He left no heir

  • A general took power and created a new empire in Central Asia

​Early Civilizations and Empires

• The Seleucid Empire

  • Seleucus 1 Nicator (Alexander the Great's general)

• Blending of Cultures

  • Persian and Greek Cultures

  • Promoted Trade

  • Greek became the dominant religion

• Geographic Advantages

  • Control of Mountain Passes

  • Control of Trade Routes

​Early Civilization and Empires

• 6th Century - Slavs

  • Located in present-day Russia, Ukraine, Poland, and the Balkans

  • Center of trade, religion, and Learning

  • Divided into Clans and Tribes

  • Land controlled by the Slavs was known as Kievan Rus (modern-day Ukraine)

    • Capital was Kiev

• Prince Vladimir the Great

  • Made Christianity the official religion of Kievan Rus

  • Connected (through marriage) the Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus

  • Welcomed Diversity of cultures and religions

• 13th Century - Mongols

  • Unclear who became ruler after the king died

  • Lack of access to trade routes

  • Invaded Kievan Rus and broke apart Kievan Rus into smaller territories

​Early Civilization and Empires

• Mongol Empire

  • Ghenghis Khan (King) expanded the empire

  • Batu Khan (son of Ghenghis) conqured Kievan Rus

• The Mogol Warriors

  • Excellent horsemen, archers, and warriors

  • Fierce in Battle

  • Tolerant of different cultures and religions

  • Allowed princes to continue ruling

    • must swear loyalty to the Mongol Khan (King)

    • Pat tribute (taxes) as a sign of respect

• End of an Empire

  • Too big to control, so separated it into 4 large regions

  • Kievan Rus became known as the "Golden Horde"

Multiple Select

If you were a Russian prince under the control of the Mongols, why would you be willing to pay a tribute to the khan?

• They are tolerant of your religion and traditions.

• They are a very peaceful group.

  
  Mongol

• They allow you to still rule over your land.

  
  

• Your people would overthrow you if you refused.

  
  

The Silk Road

• Silk Road: an ancient land and water trade route that carried goods and new ideas between Europe and Asia

  • Traded animals, jewels, paper, gunpowder, silk, spices, ideas (martial arts, regions, etc...)

• Trade Routes

  • Almaty, Kazakhstan: mint for producing money

  • Samarkand, Uzbekistan: Eternal City

  • Merv, Turkmenistan: large traded port in a desert location

  • Bukhara, Uzbekistan: Diversity of people

​Moscow and Early Russia

• Fleeing Slavs Settle the City of Moscow

  • Settled on the Moskva River

  • Trade Routes on the river

• Moscow's Leaders (czar = emperor)

  • Ivan I

    • Kept some of the tribute money to the Mongols and used it to buy land and expand the Russian Territory

• Grand Prince Dmitry

  • Defeated the Mongols in battle

  • United Russia lands under his control

  • Converted Russia to a Christian nation

​Moscow and Early Russia

• Ivan III

  • Nicknamed Ivan the Great

  • Refused to pay tribute to the Mongols at all

  • Built the Kremlin (large fortress in Moscow)

  • Filled Moscow with churches and palaces

  • Tripled the size of Russia

• Ivan IV

  • Grandson of Ivan the Great

  • First Czar (emperor) of Russia

  • Created a standing Russian Army

  • Expanded the Country

  • Completed St. Basil's Cathedral

  • Became Very paranoid (believed people were trying to kill him)

  • Began torturing his citizens - got the nickname 'Ivan the Terrible'

    • Russian translation - 'formidable' or 'fearsome'

Match

Match the contributions each ruler made to the development of Russia.

• was the first czar of the Russian empire

  
  

• built the Kremlin in Moscow

  
  

• stopped the rule of the Mongols

  
  

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

Ivan III (Ivan the Great)

Grand Prince Dmitry

Krem

• Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

  
  

• Ivan III (Ivan the Great)

  
  

• Grand Prince Dmitry

  
  Krem

​Peter the Great and St. Petersburg

• Romanov Dynasty (a line of rulers from the same family)

  • Czar Peter 1 (Peter the Great) focused on modernizing Russia and bringing European Cultural influences

    • Formed alliances with European countries

    • Brough Enlightenment ideas to Russia

    • Goal: Westernization - the adoption of Western ideas and practices

      • Russian Academy of Sciences (Education)

      • Forced European Clothing Styles

      • Beard Tax

    • Built St. Petersburg -the new capital of Russia

      • "Window to the West"

    • Imposed new Traditions - felt Czar Peter 1 was threatening traditional culture

      • Rebellions threatened his authority - he suppressed them violently

      • High taxes on peasants

​Catherine the Great

• Czarina (empress) Catherine the Great

  • Came from Europe (Germany)

  • Became the ruler after having her husband (the czar) arrested

• Pros of Catherine the Great

  • Built new schools (especially for women)

  • Improved laws (especially for women)

  • Built hospitals

  • Built European-style architecture

  • European Arts: Opera

  • Added more land to Russia (Crimea, Ukraine, Belarus,

  • the Balkans, and Lithuania

  • Expanded the Russian Navy

• Cons of Catherine the Great

  • Power hungry

  • Harsh treatment of the peasants

Categorize

Options (6)

She promoted education and the arts, like theater.

• Added more land to Russia (Crimea, Ukraine, Belarus,

• the Balkans, and Lithuania

He created academies for higher learning.

He commanded his officials to wear European style clothing.

He implemented a Beard Tax

Improved education and laws for women

Organize these options into the right categories

Catherine the Great

Peter the Great