2.1 INCOMPLETE

LO2 Understand direct current principles

​2.1 Electron Theory

The attached picture shows the structure of an atom, which includes:
✚ the nucleus made up of Protons, which are Positively charged, and

✚Neutrons, which have a Neutral charge (no charge).
✚ Electrons, which are Negatively charged and orbit the nucleus.

Labelling

Label correctly the structure of an atom

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Positron

Neutron

Nucleus

Proton

Electron

​2.1 Electron Theory

Electricity is the flow of electrons from one atom to another.

Materials that are good conductors have electrons which move out of orbit from atom to atom. When the material is connected to an electro-motive force (EMF) such as a battery, the flow can be controlled in one direction. This is because the electrons are attracted to the positive plate of the battery. This flow of electrons is called charge and happens in materials that are good conductors, such as copper. Atoms which keep their electrons in orbit make good insulators, such as atoms in rubber or PVC. What makes materials or elements different are the atoms. The number of electrons orbiting the nucleus is different for different types of materials. For example, copper has 29 electrons but iron has 26. The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons.
When 6.24 × 1018 electrons flow in one direction, this is one coulomb of charge.

​2.1 Electron Theory

Electricity is the flow of electrons from one atom to another.

Materials that are good conductors have electrons which move out of orbit from atom to atom. When the material is connected to an electro-motive force (EMF) such as a battery, the flow can be controlled in one direction. This is because the electrons are attracted to the positive plate of the battery. This flow of electrons is called charge and happens in materials that are good conductors, such as copper. Atoms which keep their electrons in orbit make good insulators, such as atoms in rubber or PVC. What makes materials or elements different are the atoms. The number of electrons orbiting the nucleus is different for different types of materials. For example, copper has 29 electrons but iron has 26. The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons.
When 6.24 × 1018 electrons flow in one direction, this is one coulomb of charge.

​2.1 Electron Theory

Conductors Materials, such as gold, silver and copper, which have atoms less densely packed together and so allow electron flow.

Charge (symbol Q) The measure of electron flow in a material; it is measured in coulombs (C)

Insulators Materials, such as plastics or glass, that have atoms which are densely packed together, and so electrons are less likely to flow from one atom to another.

Dropdown

Q = I × t

Where Q = ​

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(measured in coulombs)

I = ​

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flowing into the device

t = ​

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that the current has been flowing