Common Injuries to the Knee

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Multiple Choice

What is a common mechanism of injury for a medial collateral ligament sprain?

• Direct blow from the medial side

• Direct blow from the lateral side (valgus force)

• Internal rotation of the tibia

• Hyperextension of the knee

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What does MCL stand for in medical terms?

• Medial Collateral Ligament

• Medial Cruciate Ligament

• Middle Collateral Ligament

• Middle Cruciate Ligament

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What are the symptoms of a Grade 1 MCL sprain?

• Mild pain over MCL, minor stiffness, stable knee

• Moderate swelling, loss of ROM, mild instability

• Moderate swelling, immediate pain, loss of stability

• Severe pain, complete loss of function

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Which grade of MCL sprain is associated with moderate swelling and immediate pain?

• Grade 3

• Grade 1

• Grade 2

• Grade 4

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What is the mechanism of injury for a Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain?

• Direct blow from the medial side (varus force)

• Direct blow from the lateral side (valgus force)

• Twisting motion with the foot planted

• Hyperextension of the knee

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What type of fracture can accompany a Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain?

• Avulsion fracture of the femur or tibia

• Stress fracture of the fibula

• Compression fracture of the patella

• Spiral fracture of the humerus

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What is a common symptom of an LCL injury?

• Numbness in the fingers

• Pain and tenderness over LCL

• Headache

• Blurred vision

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With which grades of sprains is the greatest pain experienced in an LCL injury?

• Grade 3 and 4

• Grade 1 and 2

• Grade 2 and 3

• Grade 4 and 5

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What is a common mechanism of injury for a Posterior Cruciate Ligament sprain?

• A fall with full weight on the anterior aspect of the bent knee

• A direct blow to the lateral side of the knee

• Twisting the knee while running

• Overstretching the knee joint

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What is another name for a Posterior Cruciate Ligament sprain?

• Dashboard injury

• Runner's knee

• Tennis knee

• Golfer's knee

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What test is associated with PCL injury?

• Anterior drawer test

• Posterior sag test

• Lachman test

• McMurray test

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What might a person with a PCL injury experience during weight bearing?

• Increased strength

• Instability

• Enhanced flexibility

• Reduced pain

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What is generally considered the most serious ligament injury in the knee?

• Medial Collateral Ligament Tear

• Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

• Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

• Lateral Collateral Ligament Tear

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What is one mechanism of injury for an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear?

• Internal rotation of the tibia with the knee in a varus position

• External rotation of the tibia with the knee in a valgus position

• Hyperextension of the knee

• Direct impact to the knee

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What does the term "valgus position" refer to in the context of knee injuries?

• The knee bending outward

• The knee bending inward

• The knee remaining straight

• The knee rotating

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What symptom is immediately experienced with an ACL tear?

• Delayed pain

• Immediate pain

• No swelling

• Gradual disability

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Which meniscus is more likely to be injured?

• Medial meniscus

• Lateral meniscus

• Anterior meniscus

• Posterior meniscus

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What is one mechanism of injury for a meniscus tear?

• Rotation while weight bearing

• Jumping up and down

• Squatting slowly

• Standing on one foot

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Which of the following is a sign of a meniscus tear?

• Severe swelling

• Moderate/mild swelling

• No swelling

• Swelling only at night

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Where is pain commonly felt with a meniscus tear?

• Along the joint line

• In the front of the patella

• In the shin

• In the quad

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What is a plica in the context of Knee Plica Syndrome?

• A type of ligament

• A fold in the synovial joint capsule

• A muscle in the knee

• A type of bone

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Approximately what percentage of the population is affected by Knee Plica Syndrome?

• 10%

• 20%

• 30%

• 40%

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Which plica is most subject to injury in Knee Plica Syndrome?

• Lateral plica

• Medial plica

• Mediopatellar plica

• Anterior plica

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What happens to the plica in Knee Plica Syndrome?

• It becomes thin and flexible

• It becomes thick and fibrous

• It dissolves completely

• It turns into cartilage

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What is Osteochondritis Dissecans?

• A condition involving the separation of a piece of articular cartilage and bone

• A type of muscle inflammation

• A viral infection affecting the joints

• A knee rash

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What are the loose bodies in Osteochondritis Dissecans commonly referred to as?

• Joint mice

• Bone fragments

• Cartilage chips

• Joint rats

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How is the onset of Osteochondritis Dissecans described?

• Rapid and acute

• Slow and chronic

• Sudden and severe

• Intermittent and mild

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Which symptom is associated with OCD in the knee?

• Recurrent swelling

• Constant itching

• Frequent bruising

• Persistent redness

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When does patella subluxation or dislocation occur?

• When the patella slides out of the femoral groove

• When the femur breaks

• When the tibia rotates

• When the knee is fully extended

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In which direction is the patella most commonly displaced?

• Medially

• Laterally

• Upwards

• Downwards

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Which of the following can let you know the patella is dislocated?

• Pain and swelling

• Obvious deformity

• Tenderness over medial border

• Instability

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What is a symptom of patella subluxation a day or two after the injury occurs?

• Loss of function

• Obvious deformity

• Pain and swelling

• Pain

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What is Chondromalacia Patella?

• Softening and deterioration of the articular cartilage on the backside of the patella

• Inflammation of the knee joint

• Fracture of the patella

• Dislocation of the knee cap

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What type of injury is Chondromalacia Patella considered to be?

• Acute injury

• Chronic injury

• Traumatic injury

• Temporary injury

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What causes Osgood-Schlatter Disease?

• Tension placed on the tibial tuberosity from the patella tendon

• Lack of calcium in the diet

• Excessive running on hard surfaces

• Genetic factors

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At what age does Osgood-Schlatter Disease usually resolve?

• 18

• 12

• 25

• 30

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In which age group does Osgood-Schlatter Disease typically occur?

• Adolescence

• Infancy

• Middle age

• Elderly

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What symptom is commonly experienced when kneeling, jumping, or running with Osgood-Schlatter disease?

• Severe pain

• Itching

• Numbness

• Dizziness

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What is the first stage of pain in Jumper's Knee?

• Pain during activity

• Pain after activity

• Pain before activity

• Pain with no activity

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In which stage of Jumper's Knee does the patient experience pain during and after activity but can still perform?

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• Stage 4

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What happens in Stage 3 of Jumper's Knee?

• Pain only after activity

• Pain during activity and prolonged after activity

• No pain during activity

• Pain only before activity

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Which stage of Jumper's Knee indicates that performance is hampered?

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• Stage 4

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What is another name for Runner's Knee?

• Patellar Tendinitis

• Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

• Meniscus Tear

• Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

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What type of injury is Runner's Knee classified as?

• Acute injury

• Chronic/overuse injury

• Traumatic injury

• Infectious injury

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Where does irritation develop in Runner's Knee?

• Medial femoral condyle

• Lateral femoral condyle

• Patellar tendon

• Tibial plateau

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What is a common cause of Runner's Knee?

• Weak quadriceps

• Tight IT Band

• Flat feet

• High arches