8.11b

Day 8- Earth Science

TEKS 8.8C, 8.8D, 8.9A 8.9B, 8.9C 8.10A, 8.10C 8.10B, 8.11A, 8.11B, 8.11C, 8.11D

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Used to learn about the universe. It's range of radiation at different wavelengths.

Light Waves-can tell us what an object is made up of in space.

Radio Waves- can be used to show us the existence and distance of objects in space.

Red shift- An object that has longer wave lengths appears red. That means the object is moving away from Earth.

Blue Shift- An object that has shorter wave length appears blue. This means the object is moving toward the Earth.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has the most energy?

• X-rays

• The color green

• Microwaves

• Infrared

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

• microwaves

• UV rays

• Infrared

• Gamma rays

Light Years

The distance light travels in one year. Used to measure distance in space.

The NEAREST star to Earth is our SUN. It is fairly "average" star in the H-R diagram's "Main Sequence." Our Sun is surprisingly stable,providing Earth with just the right sunlight for life to evolve on our planet. It is approximatley 8 light minutes away from Earth.

Multiple Choice

What is the time taken for the light to travel between the Sun and Earth?

• 4 minutes

• 8 minutes

• 12 minutes

• 2 minutes

Multiple Choice

What unit of measurement is used to calculate distance in our universe?

• astronomical units

• kilometers

• light years

• parsecs

Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is the movement of large sections of the Earth's crust called Tectonic Plates. In 1915 Alfred Wegner proposed his theory of "CONTINENTIAL DRIFT." Wegner proposed continents fit together like puzzles(Pangea) , Fossils of animal found on different continents, glacier scarring, rocks of same age across the ocean

Multiple Choice

Most geologist think that the movement of Earth's tectonic plates is caused by

• the rotation of the Earth.

• the Earth's magnetic field.

• subduction.

• convection currents.

Multiple Choice

What do you call the supercontinent landmass formed million years ago?

• Pangea
• Asia
• Pantallasa
• Eurasi

Multiple Choice

Who is the scientist who proposed Continental Drift Theory?

• Albert Einstein

• Alfred Wegener

• Isaac Newton

• John Dalton

Plate Tectonics and Crustal Features

The tectonic plates are floating on top of magma which causes them to move. Tectonic plate collide with one another along Plate Boundaries. There are several types of plate boundaries.

Divergent- Two plates move away from each other.

Crustal Feature: Ridge (water)

Rift: (land)

Convergent - two plates collide together.

Crustal Feature: Subduction Zone causes volcanoes.

Folding Mountains

Transform-Two plate slide past one another.

Crustal Feature: neither plate creates or destroys. Causes earthquakes

Caused by

Multiple Choice

Divergent Plate movement can create

• Convection Currents
• Conduction
• Mountains
• Rifts and ocean ridges

Multiple Choice

Convergent Plate Movement can create

• Rifts
• Mountains
• Ocean Ridges
• Radiation

Multiple Choice

A Plate Boundary where two plates move toward each other is called

• Convergent Boundary
• Divergent Boundary
• Transform Boundary
• Subduction

Multiple Choice

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other is called

• Divergent Boundary
• Convergent Boundary
• Transform Boundary
• Subduction

Topographic Maps

A map used to identify land features. They are maps of 2-D drawings of 3-d images.

A topographic map is often a very large scale map that shows the shape of the land's surface. Contour lines are imaginary lines that connect places of equal elevation. When contour lines are close together, the slope is very steep, When contour lines are far apart, the slope is very shallow.

Multiple Choice

On a topographic map of a mountain, you walk a longer distance to get to the top when the contour lines are

• spread out
• close together
• going down
• going up

Multiple Choice

If contour lines are close together, then the slope is

• gentle
• steep
• flat
• going up and down

Multiple Choice

What feature is formed at B?

• river
• rift valley
• sink hole
• mountain

Multiple Choice

What is the elevation of the peak of the small island on the left side?

• About 20 meters
• About 40 meters
• About 60 meters
• About 200 meters

Topographic Maps

Can be used to show weathering, erosion, and deposition.

Erosion-Movement of matter from one place to another place, caused by wind, ice or gravity.

Deposition- The settling of material in a new location.

Weathering- breaking down of material like rock into smaller pieces by wind or moving water. Can cause mountains to become smaller.

Energy

The source of almost all Earth's heat energy is the SUN. The Sun gives off its heat in the form of electromagnetic radiation, which travels through space. The Sun's heat is distributed throughout the atmosphere. land, and the oceans by radiation, conduction and convection, providing the energy to make energy to make weather.

Multiple Choice

Solar Energy is created by what?

• Moon

• Sun

• Wind

• Water

Wind Currents

Wind can be defined as air moving from area of High pressure to an area of low pressure in the atmosphere. The greater the difference between high and low pressure, the faster the air moves. If all areas across Earth's surface had the same air pressure, there would be no wind. The Sun, however, heats some part of the Earth more than the others, creating pressure differences . Thus winds are driven by solar energy

Multiple Choice

Which statement correctly defines wind?

• Wind is the movement of air from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure
• Wind is the movement of air to a colder area in the atmosphere.
• Wind is the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
• Wind is the movement of air pushed around and bouncing off Earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

What causes wind?

• differences in pressure
• conduction currents
• density
• tropical currents

Ocean Currents

Are mainly caused by wind and differences in temperature. Currents are responsible for a vast amount of movement of the water found in the Earth's oceans. The ocean plays a starring role in whatever happens with the environment. One big part of its role is to soak up energy (heat) and distribute it more evenly around the Earth. Ocean Currents influence the weather in coastal areas.

Multiple Choice

Movements of ocean water in a continuous flow are called?

• ocean currents
• global winds
• air mass
• front

Multiple Choice

Climate is

• the further you get from the equator
• the higher you go, the colder it gets
• the conditions of the atmosphere at a certain place and time.
• the average weather conditions of an area over a long period of time.

Ocean Affects Climate on Land

When the sunrays hot the surface of the Earth, it is heated. However, there is a big difference between how fast the land and the sea are heated. The land is heated a lot faster than the sea. The air above land is heated faster then the air above the sea. The hot air above land rises high into the sky, where it cools off. High in the sky the cold air now moves out over the sea. Here it sinks down pressing cool air towards land. The air moving towards land is what we know as WIND (convection current). At night the opposite happens. That means it is the sun that makes wind blow.

Multiple Choice

In convection, WARM air

• Rises
• Sinks

Multiple Choice

In convection, COOL air

• Rises
• Sinks

Multiple Choice

Which one heats and cools fastest?

• land

• sea

• both are the same rate

• air

Weather Maps

A weather map or chart shows the weather conditions at a specific point in time.

Weather Map Symbols

High Pressure- Region where the atmosphere's pressure is greater at ground level then surrounding areas. Resulting in HAPPY weather.

Low Pressure- Region where the atmosphere's pressure is less at ground level than surrounding areas. Results in potentially SAD weather.

Warm Front and Cold Fronts- boundary where an air masses meet, can be area where storms form.

Occluded Front- cold air over takes warm air or vice versa.

Stationary Front- boundary between warm and cold air has little or no movement.

Multiple Choice

• decreasing temperatures

• increasing temperatures

• cloudy sky, maybe precipitation

• clear sky, sunny weather

Multiple Choice

• cold air moving into an area

• warm air moving into an area

• humid air over an area

• dry air over an area

Multiple Choice

• cold front

• warm front

• high pressure

• low pressure

Hurricanes

Hurricanes get their energy from warm water which create a very large area of low pressure. As ocean water increases in temperature, it slowly turns into water vapor. The warmer the water temperatures , the higher the water vapor rises. After the water vapor has risen, it begins condensing into rain in the form of clouds. When the clouds release the rain, heat is released as well, when the heat stays in the same are, the eye of the hurricane is formed

Multiple Choice

How are hurricanes categorized?

• based on their destination

• based on their wind speed

• based on where they form

Multiple Choice

What is the source for warming up ocean water?

• the sun
• water movement
• wind
• fish peeing in the ocean water

Multiple Choice

Where do hurricanes form?

• In the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean near the equator
• In the cool waters of the North Sea
• In the Pacific Ocean near Japan
• In

Organisms and Environment

There are three main ecosystems.

Terrestrial-Land

Marine-Salt water

Freshwater-Freshwater

Animals in each of these ecosystems interact in different ways.

Organisms and Environment

Predator- hunts animals for food.

Prey- hunted for food.

Host- Provides benefits to parasite but the parasite harms the host in the process.

Parasite- receives nutrition from a host that live on but harms the host in the process.

Producer- produces its own food.

Primary Consumer- gets its energy from consuming plants. Also known as Herbivores.

Secondary Consumer- Gets its energy from consuming producers and other consumers.

Decomposer- Breaks down dead organisms for nurients

Multiple Choice

Definition of Predator

• animal that is hunted for as food

• animal that hunts other animals for food

Multiple Choice

Definition of Prey

• animal that is hunted for as food

• animal that hunts organisms for food

Fill in the Blank

In parasitism, one organism benefits while the other gets ________________

Competition

Organisms and populations in an ecosystem depend on and may compete for biotic and abiotic factors such as Light, water, range in temp., or soil composition.

Competition- the struggle between organisms to get as many resources as possible to survive and reproduce.

Abiotic- the never living parts of an environment.

Biotic- the living parts of an environment.

Multiple Choice

A squirrel's habitat in a dead log is considered a _____factor

• Biotic

• Abiotic

• cool

• secret

Multiple Choice

Temperature is a _________factor

• Biotic

• Abiotic

• living

• cool

Multiple Choice

Abiotic can be defined as?

• An organism that is alive

• Non-living parts of the environment

• Living Parts of the environment

• A new kind of Pokemon that lives with Pikachu

Short and Long Term Environmental Affect

Short and Long term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent populations.

Natural Selection- process by which organisms with favorable characteristics for survival reproduce more successfully.

Adaptation- The ability of an organism to survive longer, find food, and mate.

Mutation- A sudden change in trait of an organisms that maybe beneficial or harmful.

Speciation- the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Long Term Environmental Changes- can cause mass extinctions and lead to speciation. example: global warming, ice ages.

Short Term Environmental Changes-Will cause organisms to temporarily leave an area. Example: Storms, Hurricanes, Drought.