North/east/west africa final review - Final

NORTH/WEST/EAST AFRICA REVIEW


COACH JEWELL

By Steven Jewell

Hotspot

Select Morocco

Hotspot

Select Libya

Hotspot

Select Egypt

It’s a common misconception that the Sahara is the world’s largest desert. In actual fact, it’s the largest hot desert behind the Arctic and Antarctica, which are both cold deserts. During the summer months, temperatures in the Sahara average between a sizzling 38-46°C.

The Sahara Desert spans some 8,600,000 square kilometres. However, this changes over time as the actual area of the desert expands and contracts with the seasons.

Sahara Desert

Sahara’s overall size has grown to be 10% larger than it was nearly a century ago. While this is partly due to natural climate cycles, human-driven climate change is also responsible.

Spanning nearly a third of the African continent, the Sahara reaches a total of 11 countries.

The Sahara gets its name from the Arabic word sahra, which means ‘desert’.

Sahara Desert

Fill in the Blanks

Atlas Mountains
Tademait Plateau
Ahaggar Mountains
Sahara Desert
The Nile River
The Mediterranean Sea
The Atlantic Ocean

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​Major Land Features of Northern Africa

Western Africa

Mauritania
Mali - Bamako
Niger - Niamey
Nigeria - Abuja
Burkina
Senegal - Dakar
The Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Sierra Leone - Free Town
Liberia - Monrovia
Cote Divoire
Ghana - Accra
Togo
Benin
Burkina Faso

Hotspot

Select Nigeria

Hotspot

Select Liberia

Hotspot

Select Niger

Western Africa

Mauritania
Mali - Bamako
Niger - Niamey
Nigeria - Abuja
Burkina
Senegal - Dakar
The Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Sierra Leone - Free Town
Liberia - Monrovia
Cote Divoire
Ghana - Accra
Togo
Benin
Burkina Faso

Match

Match the country with the capital city

• Nigeria

• Ghana

• Senegal

• Liberia

• Mali

Abuja

Accra

Dakar

Monrovia

Bamako

• Abuja

• Accra

• Dakar

• Monrovia

• Bamako

Niger River principal river of western Africa. With a length of 2,600 miles (4,200 km), it is the third longest river in Africa, after the Nile and the Congo. The Niger is believed to have been named by the Greeks.

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Niger River

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• Sahara Desert:

  The vast, arid desert covering the northern part of West Africa, characterized by sand dunes and extreme temperatures. 

• Sahel:

  A transitional zone between the Sahara and the savanna grasslands, experiencing a semi-arid climate. 

  
  

Western Africa Geograph

​Ethiopia - Addis Ababa
Somalia - Mogadishu
Tanzania - Dodoma
Madagascar - Antinanarivo
South Sudan - Juba
Zambia - Lusaka
Zimbabwe - Harare
Mozambique - Maputo
Malawa - Lilongwe
Rwanda - Kigali
Berundi - Gitega
Uganda - Kampala
Eritrea - Asmara
Djibouti - Djibouti
Kenya - Nairobi

​Eastern Africa

Hotspot

Select the hotspot where Kenya is located

Hotspot

Select the hotspot where Ethiopia is located

Hotspot

Select the hotspot where Somalia is located

. 

• East & West African Rift Valley

• Mount Kilimanjaro

• Lake Victoria

• Ethiopian Highlands

• Horn of Africa

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Key Physical Features of Eastern Africa

The dominant geological feature, consisting of two parallel rift valleys, the Eastern Rift Valley and the Western Rift Valley, with volcanic activity creating mountains and lakes. 

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​East & West African Rift Valley

Multiple Choice

They believe the East/Wester African Rift will lead to

• They believe they will find gold in the rift.

• a large portion of africa splitting off.

• a new set of mountains

• They believe it will come back together

​A peninsula extending into the Arabian Sea, including Somalia with its lowland coastal plains. 

The Horn of Africa

•  Size: Baobabs can grow to be enormous, with trunks.

• Lifespan: They can live thousands of years.

• Known for being strange shapes, known as the upside down tree and the inspiration for the lorax trees.

• Produces flowers and fruit.

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Tree of Life - Madagascar

The first slaves brought to Portugal came in 1444 from Northern Mauritania. From Mauritania, the Portuguese moved their way down the western coast of Africa, establishing contact all the way down to the Cape of Good Hope and around to the other side of Africa. Through these contacts, the Portuguese initiated trade relations that grew into the Atlantic Slave Trade.

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The First Slaves

Portugal was the first of a number of European nations who became involved in the Atlantic Slave Trade. The Dutch, French, Spanish, and British soon followed in their footsteps.

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EUROPE FOLLOWED

Multiple Choice

What European country was the first to establish the slave trade in Africa?

• France
• Portugal
• Spain
• England

• Representatives from European countries, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire attended 

• The conference formalized claims to territory in Africa 

• The conference allowed free trade among the colonies 

• Held to address competition for africa - (scramble for africa)

• NO AFRICAN COUNTRIES REPRESENTED.

​Berlin Conference

Multiple Choice

What people were missing from the Berlin Conference?

• European diplomats were missing from the Berlin Conference.
• African leaders and representatives were missing from the Berlin Conference.
• Local tribal leaders were present at the Berlin Conference.
• United Nations representatives were involved in the Berlin Conference.

Causes - recurring drought, failed harvests, food scarcity, conflict that kept aid from reaching people in occupied territory, and government policies that relocated families and routed relief to certain areas.

1 Million deaths due to Famine

Changes in Fundraising - Band Aid - Do You Know It's Christmas after all , and We are The World

Ethiopian famine

1983-1985

Hutu's and Tutsi's

​Occurred over 100 days
Over 800,000 Tutsi's and moderate Hutu's were killed.

Rwanda Genocide

​Known for violent mood swings - (moody)

Killed over 300,000 of his own people

Participated in the Hijacking of a french airplane.

Overthrown in 1979

Idi Amin - Butcher of Uganda

• The Battle of Mogadishu was fought in Mogadishu, Somalia, on October 3-4, 1993, as part of the Somali Civil War.
  

• The battle was fought between a United States Special Forces team and Somali rebels loyal to the self-proclaimed Somalian president-to-be Mohamed Farrah Aidid.
  

• When two U.S. Black Hawk helicopters were shot down, the initially successful operation degenerated into a desperate overnight rescue mission.
  

• A total of 18 American soldiers were killed during the 15-hour battle eventually depicted in the 2001 movie “Black Hawk Down.

Battle of Mogadishu