Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes

Parts of a Volcano

Magma that reaches Earth's surface is known as lava.

Magma from the mantle rises to Earth’s surface and flows out an opening called a vent.

The vent as well as the mountain that forms around it from cooled lava, ash, cinders, and rock is called a volcano.

Ring of Fire

Most volcanoes occur along plate boundaries; an area in the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are common is called the Ring of Fire.

H A W A I I

Hawaii formed over a HOT SPOT as the tectonic plate moves new crust moves over the hot spot, where a new Hawaiian volcano (or island) can form is this chain.

Multiple Choice

Which result from a volcanic eruption is considered constructive?

• add new rock to existing land and form new islands

• explosive and changes the landscape of and around the volcano

Multiple Choice

What is another name for magma that has reached Earth's surface?

• Vent

• Dust

• Ash

• Lava

Multiple Choice

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

• Indian Ocean

• Arctic Ocean

• Pacific Ocean

• Atlantic Ocean

Fill in the Blank

Hawaii is formed on a ___________.

What is a volcano?

A volcano is an opening on the surface of a planet or moon that allows material warmer than its surroundings to escape from its interior. When this material escapes, it causes an eruption.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following can erupt from a volcano?

• lava

• magma

• rock

• ash

• all of these

Multiple Choice

What do we call the material in this image that has erupted from a volcano?

• lava

• magma

• solid rock

Epicenter

Location directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Multiple Choice

Location directly above the focus of an earthquake...

• fault

• epicenter

• focus

• seismogram

Fault

A break in the Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another.

Multiple Choice

A break in the Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another...

• epicenter

• earthquake

• focus

• fault

Focus

The location where rocks first move along a fault and seismic waves originate.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the location where rocks first move along a fault and seismic waves originate?

• fault

• epicenter

• focus

• mantle

Primary Wave

P-wave, fastest moving type of seismic wave; causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion.

Multiple Choice

P-wave, fastest moving type of seismic wave; causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion...

• surface wave

• seismic wave

• secondary wave

• primary wave

Secondary Wave

S-wave, causes particles in the ground to move side to side and up and down at right angles.

Multiple Choice

S-wave, causes particles in the ground to move side to side and up and down at right angles...

• primary wave

• seismic wave

• secondary wave

• surface wave

Multiple Choice

Travels as vibrations on and in earth...

• fault

• seismic waves

• epicenter

• focus

Seismogram

Graphical illustration of seismic waves.

Multiple Choice

What do you call the graphical illustration of seismic waves?

• seismometer

• seismologist

• seismogram

• earthquake

Seismologist

A scientist who studies earthquakes.

Four "proofs" of Wegener's Theory:

• Continents fit together like a "puzzle"; specifically South America and Africa.

• Across miles and miles of oceans, mountain ranges have identical rock make-up and patterns

Multiple Choice

What is the name of scientist who studies earthquakes?

• surface waves

• seismogram

• seismometer

• seismologist

Cinder Cone Volcano

A small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich basaltic lava.

Multiple Choice

A small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich basaltic lava...

• composite

• shield

• composite

• cinder cone

Composite Volcano

A large, steep sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions, lavas along convergent plate boundaries.

Multiple Choice

A large, steep sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions, lavas along convergent plate boundaries...

• composite

• cinder cone

• shield

• hot spot

Multiple Choice

To cause to disperse or disappear...

• focus

• fault

• dissolve

• viscosity

Hot Spot

A volcano that is not associated with a plate boundary.

Multiple Choice

Molten rock that erupts onto earth's surface...

• lava

• magma

• mantle

• volcano

Lava

Molten rock that erupts onto earth's surface.

Shield Volcano

A large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lava; located along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots.

Chapter 9 Vocabulary Quiz Study Guide

Multiple Choice

What is magma called when it reaches the surface of Earth?

• Lava

• viscosity

• toxic gas

Multiple Choice

Tending to move toward one point or approaching each other...

• convergent

• epicenter

• focus

• viscosity

What causes an earthquake?

At transform boundaries between tectonic plates, the plates slide past each other. When they get stuck, there is a large jolt in the earth's crust. It is what we call an earthquake.

Watch the video to learn more.

Convergent Plate Boundary

Tending to move toward one point or approaching each other

Multiple Choice

How often does the Earth's crust move?

• once a year

• all the time

• every thousand years

• never

Multiple Choice

Causes vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in the Earth's lithosphere...

• primary wave

• earthquake

• epicenter

• seismic wave

Multiple Choice

What are tectonic plates made of?

• thick chunks of jagged rock

• dirt and gravel

• smooth rocks

• grass and soil

Earthquake

Causes vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in the Earth's lithosphere.

Multiple Choice

What is the line where tectonic plates touch each other called?

• jigsaw puzzle

• fault

• continent

• mountain

Multiple Choice

Location directly above the focus of an earthquake...

• fault

• epicenter

• focus

• seismogram

Tectonic Plate Movement

Pay attention to the types of plate movement that causes an earthquake.

Also see if you can catch the name of the device that measures the intensity of an earthquake.

Epicenter

Location directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Multiple Choice

What is the center of the earthquake called on the earth's surface?

• center core

• core center

• center of the Earth

• epicenter

Multiple Choice

A break in the Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another...

• epicenter

• earthquake

• focus

• fault

Multiple Choice

What is this instrument called?

• ball and chain

• etch-a-sketch

• sketch-ma-graph

• seismograph

Fault

A break in the Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another.

Multiple Choice

What does a seismograph measure?

• the strength of an earthquake

• how long an earthquake lasts

• time

• distance on a map

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the location where rocks first move along a fault and seismic waves originate?

• fault

• epicenter

• focus

• mantle

Earthquakes are destructive

It's obvious that earthquakes are destructive. We can see the damage. Now we will see how earthquakes can be constructive and create new landforms on the Earth.

The Andes Mountains were created and keep growing because of earthquakes.

Focus

The location where rocks first move along a fault and seismic waves originate.

Fill in the Blank

The word ________ means to create, build up, or restore. (constructive or destructive)

Multiple Choice

Earth's interior below the crust and above the core...

• mantle

• core

• crust

• lithosphere

Multiple Choice

True or false? Earthquakes are only destructive.

• true

• false

Mantle

Earth's interior below the crust and above the core.

Fill in the Blank

A _____ is the line where two tectonic plates meet. (mountain or fault)

Multiple Choice

What is the name of where Earth's lithospheric plates move and interact with each other?

• seismic waves

• plate boundary

• epicenter

• lithosphere

Plate Boundary

Where Earth's lithospheric plates move and interact with each other.

Multiple Choice

P-wave, fastest moving type of seismic wave; causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion...

• surface wave

• seismic wave

• secondary wave

• primary wave

Primary Wave

P-wave, fastest moving type of seismic wave; causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion.

Multiple Choice

S-wave, causes particles in the ground to move side to side and up and down at right angles...

• primary wave

• seismic wave

• secondary wave

• surface wave

Fill in the Blank

Fold mountains are formed when one _________collides with another.

Secondary Wave

S-wave, causes particles in the ground to move side to side and up and down at right angles.

Multiple Choice

Travels as vibrations on and in earth...

• fault

• seismic waves

• epicenter

• focus

Seismic Waves

Travels as vibrations on and in earth.

Fill in the Blank

Block Mountains occur along a __________.

Multiple Choice

What do you call the graphical illustration of seismic waves?

• seismometer

• seismologist

• seismogram

• earthquake

Fill in the Blank

The Sierra Nevada Mountains in the US are examples of ___________mountains.

Seismogram

Graphical illustration of seismic waves.

Hot Spots

• Hot spots are areas that has extremely hot magma.

• This causes the magma to rip through the crust.

• This is the location of active volcanoes.

• The island chain to the right -- let's talk!

Multiple Choice

What is the name of scientist who studies earthquakes?

• surface waves

• seismogram

• seismometer

• seismologist

Multiple Choice

If you want to avoid an Earthquake, what should you stay away from?

• Hot Spot

• Transform Boundary

• Convergent Boundary

• Divergent Boundary

Seismologist

A scientist who studies earthquakes.

Multiple Choice

What is unique about a "hot spot"?

• Active Volcanoes

• A lot of Earthquakes

• Tsunamis Occur

• Located on Equators

Multiple Choice

Measures and records ground motion and the distance and direction seismic waves travel...

• seismogram

• seismometer

• epicenter

• seismic waves

Multiple Select

Why is Kauai the oldest and Hawaii the youngest?

• Kauai is the furthest from the hot spot.

• Hawaii is on the hot spot.

• Kauai is the smallest island.

• Hawaii is the main island.

Seismometer

Measures and records ground motion and the distance and direction seismic waves travel.

Time Scale (Hot spots and Ridges)

• The closer to the new forming crust, the younger the crust.

• The further from the cracks of the crust, the older the crust.

• Look at the picture to the right and observe.

Multiple Choice

Causes particles in the ground to move up and down, similar to ocean waves...

• surface waves

• seismic waves

• secondary waves

• primary waves

Multiple Choice

Which location is the oldest?

• Location closest to a mid-ocean ridge.

• Location farthest from a mid-ocean ridge.

• The land of a continent.

• Hot Spot of a volcano.

Surface Waves

Causes particles in the ground to move up and down, similar to ocean waves.

Multiple Choice

A small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich basaltic lava...

• composite

• shield

• composite

• cinder cone

Cinder Cone Volcano

A small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich basaltic lava.

Multiple Choice

A large, steep sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions, lavas along convergent plate boundaries...

• composite

• cinder cone

• shield

• hot spot

Composite Volcano

A large, steep sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions, lavas along convergent plate boundaries.

Multiple Choice

To cause to disperse or disappear...

• focus

• fault

• dissolve

• viscosity

Multiple Choice

Which volcano is not associated with a plate boundary?

• shield

• hot spot

• composite

• cinder cone

Hot Spot

A volcano that is not associated with a plate boundary.

Multiple Choice

Molten rock that erupts onto earth's surface...

• lava

• magma

• mantle

• volcano

Lava

Molten rock that erupts onto earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

Molten rock below earth's surface...

• lava

• magma

• mantle

• volcano

Magma

Molten rock below earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

Large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lava; located along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots...

• composite

• cinder cone

• shield

• hot spots

Shield Volcano

A large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lava; located along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots.

Multiple Choice

A liquid's ability to flow...

• focus

• dissolve

• viscosity

• convergent

Viscosity

A liquid's ability to flow.

Multiple Choice

Tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass...

• volcano

• volcanic ash

• cinder cone

• magma

Volcanic Ash

Tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass.

Multiple Choice

A vent in the earth's crust through which molten rock flows.

• volcano

• lava

• magma

• volcanic ash

Volcano

A vent in the earth's crust through which molten rock flows.