Openscied 7.3

Olfactory and Gustation Review

Multiple Choice

The receptors that sense chemicals

• thermoreceptors

• mechanoreceptors

• chemoreceptors

• photoreceptors

Chemoreceptors

abilty to change a chemical signal to an electrical impulse

Multiple Choice

The nerves associated with smell are referred to as the:

• olfactory receptor cells

• smell cells

• gustatory receptor cells

• umami cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following senses are most closely related:

• touch and smell

• smell and taste

• taste and hearing

• hearing and smell

Olfactory Pathway

Olfactory receptor

Olfactory Bulb Synapse

Mitral Nerve Cells

Brain

Multiple Select

What are the 2 modes of molecule movement that can stimulate the olfactory receptors?

• breathing

• breaking down food

• swallowing food

• touching

• osmosis

Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Multiple Choice

The crying response when we chop onions is caused by

• common chemical sense

• mitral cells release of tears

• gustatory cells

• complimentary

Common Chemical Sense

• olfactory is connected through nerve endings called common chemical sense

• Primary locations:

  Eyes, Nose, Mouth, throat

• These are used to detect noxious or irritating chemicals

Multiple Choice

What structure in the brain is the major recipient of the olfactory bulbar projections?

• broca's area

• piriform

• Gustatory Cortex

• Olfactory Cortex

Olfactory Perception

•  piriform cortex is the largest recipient of bulbar projections

• Signals are then projected through many areas of the brain (difficult to study and fully understand for researchers)

Multiple Choice

Which of these are part of the 5 submodalities of the gustatory sense?

• Sweet

• bacon

• umami

• protein

• bitter

Gustation: 5 submodalities:

• sweet

• sour

• bitter

• umami

• salty

Multiple Choice

Area #2 Threads that come out of the gustatory cells are called

• Taste pore

• Gustatory cells

• Gustatory hairs

Multiple Choice

Area #1 A very small opening at the top of the taste bud is called

• Gustatory cells

• Taste pore

• Gustatory hairs

Taste bud

• Taste pore- the opening where the taste hairs are found

• Taste hairs- are sensitive to chemicals dissolved in saliva that is part of the 

• Taste cell- 

  The signal is relayed

  to the nerve

Multiple Choice

A food with a high concentration of acid give rise to which sense of taste

• sweet

• sour

• salty

• bitter

• spicey

Multiple Choice

A food with a high concentration of alkaloids give rise to which sense of taste

• sweet

• sour

• salty

• bitter

• spicey

Taste Cells

• Salty- Na⁺ concentration

• Sour- H⁺ Concentration

• Bitter- Alkaloid content

• Umami- amino acids

• Sweet- monosaccharides

Multiple Select

Which two of these gustatory modalities is transported across the membrane of the cell?

• sweet

• salty

• bitter

• sour

• umami

Taste Cells

Na⁺ and H⁺ ions enter the cells resulting in depolarization of the cell

Sweet, Bitter, and Umami receptor cells initiate a g coupled protein cascade (do not cross the cell membrane)

Multiple Choice

Signal pathway of the Gustatory sense to the brain travels from the cranial nerve to the _____ to the _____ and terminates in the gustatory cortex of the parietal lobe

• NST, thalamus

• thalamus, olfactory cortex

• piriform, thalamus

• NST, piriform

The Gustatory Cortex

• The signal travels up the cranial nerve to the 

  
  

  
  

• Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (NST)

•  Thalamus

• To the Gustatory Cortex where interpretation occurs