Principles of Ecology

ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

STE 7 - Environmental Science

Study and analyze the graph about the LAW OF TOLERANCE.

• Zone of Pyschological Stress

• Zone of Intolerance

• Optimum Range

• What letter in the graph is about the number of organism with high population due to temperature?

Open Ended

What is the scientific word you formed after decoding the the letters using the BRAILE ALPHABET?

LIMITING FACTORS

•  determine whether or not a population can grow in a given environment

• determines the carrying capacity to a population (based on the needs their needs)

• increase or decrease the inhabitants in an ecosystem

PLEASE HELP TO ANSWER THE DIFFERENT QUESTIONS. I NEED ALL THE CORRECT ANSWERS

IN ORDER TO SURVIVE ON EARTH. MY LIFE DEPENDS ON YOU.

Multiple Select

The sunflower needs this in order to grow which is essential for the transportation of nutrients and sugars from the soil to the plants if the plant. It is also considered as the universal solvent.

Multiple Choice

The Sunflower also needs it in order to grow because it starts the process of photosynthesis.

Multiple Choice

The Sunflower plant needs it in order to produce oxygen and reduce the global temperature.

Multiple Select

What are the 3 raw materials needed by a SUNFLOWER plant in the illustration to start the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS to produce OXYGEN and GLUCOSE are:

• WATER

• SUNLIGHT

• SOIL

• FERTILIZER

• CARBON DIOXIDE

DENSITY-DEPENDENT LIMITING FACTORS

• Biotic factors are usually dependent on the density of the population, the effect of competition, predators, disease, availability of space and food.

• It helps to determine the carrying capacity of an ecosystem for a particular organism.

• These factors are directly associated with living things.

DENSITY-INDEPENDENT LIMITING FACTORS

• These are factors that influence all population, regardless of their density.

• This includes changes in the weather, temperature, daily and seasonal variation of sunlight.

• The amount of available air, water, and soil condition and the slope of the environment are abiotic factors that are not directly associated with living things.

Multiple Choice

What TYPE of LIMITING FACTORS are the competition of animals for survival to get foods.

• Density-Dependent Limiting Factors

• Density-Independent Limiting Factor

Multiple Choice

What TYPE of LIMITING FACTORS are the needs of like WATER, SUNLIGHT and CARBON DIOXIDE which occur in the process of Photosynthesis?

• Density-Dependent Limiting Factors

• Density-Independent Limiting Factors

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

• Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794), who was considered the Father of Modern Chemistry.

•  It only undergoes physical and chemical changes which separate, rearrange, or transfer atoms of elements.

• He proved that MATTER cannot be created nor destroyed.

Multiple Choice

What happens to the number of atoms and total mass of the elements or compounds before and after the chemical reaction in connection to the Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy?

• increases

• decreases

• remains the same

What happens to the face of man from stationary position after releasing the ball?

Will the ball hit his face? Yes or No? Why?

Poll

Will the ball hit the face of a man? Yes or No?

• No

• Yes

IMPORTANCT CONCEPTS IN THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS/ENERGY

• In BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT, (1)There is really no away and (2) Everything Goes Somewhere.

• In PHYSICS, matter/energy cannot be created nor destroyed (it transformed from one form to another)

• Examples: Chemical Energy to Light Energy

• Electrical Energy to Heat/Light Ebnergy

Multiple Choice

"Everything Goes Somewhere" and "There is Really No Away". The statements explains the _________ of the Law of Conservation of Matter.

• BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

• PHYSICAL CONCEPTS

The relationships of the 3 scientific terms ENERGY, HEAT AND WORK

are the focus our next topic.

What do you call the study deals with how energy is transferred in natural processes with the addition of heat and work?

TERMS ASSOCIATED TO THERMODYNAMICS

• ENERGY - is the ability or capacity to do work.

• HEAT - is a transfer as a result of temperature difference. 

• WORK - is a transfer that is not due to a temperature difference.

Fill in the Blank

What do you call the study that deals with how energy is transferred in natural processes with the addition of heat and work? Write your answer in capital letters.

LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

• First Law of Thermodynamics (restatement of the Law of Conservation of Matter)

• It is a principle of PHYSICS that recognizes that energy is conserved, it may be transferred into a system, and as result there is a change in energy within the system. It may be transformed, change from one form to another (e.g. from chemical energy to light energy).

• In BIOLOGICAL CONTEXT, the principle is stated as “Energy may be transferred or transformed, but not lost”.

^{Transformation of Energy from SOLAR ENERGY to CHEMICAL ENERGY}

^{to MECHANICAL ENERGY}

Second Law of Thermodynamics

• It is a principle of PHYSICS that recognizes that, with each successive energy transfer or transformation, less energy is available for work.

•  It tends to be degraded or dissipated from useful form (mechanical work), to a less useful form, usually heat.

•  It state that "heat can not flow itself from colder to a hotter body”.

• In BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS it states that, “Left to themselves, things tend to degenerate”. 

Multiple Choice

It is defined as the abililty or capacity to do work.

• Work

• Energy

• Heat

Multiple Choice

It is one of the Laws of Thermodynamics which state that "heat can not flow itself from colder to a hotter body”.

• First Law of Thermodynamics

• Second Law of Thermodynamics

Multiple Choice

It is the restatament of the Law of Conservation of Mass which states that energy is conserved, it may be transferred into a system.

• First Law of Thermodynamics

• Second Law of Thermodynamics

APPLICATION OF THE LESSONS

ASSESSMENT

I. Identify the following statements. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

Multiple Choice

(1) It is a limiting factor which is came from the sun.

• air

• sunlight

• water

• soil

Multiple Choice

(2) It is one of the limiting factors that affect the living things in order to live and considered as the universal solvent.

• air

• sunlight

• water

• soil

Multiple Choice

(3) It is one of the by-products of plants in the process of photosynthesis which is essential to human in order to breathe.

• oxygen

• carbon dioxide

• glucose

• soil

Multiple Choice

(4) The temperature of a region is affected by the altitude and terrain. Temperature is an example of __.

• Density-Dependent Limiting Factor

• Density-Independent Limiting Factor

• Density-Interdependent Limiting Factor

• Density-Disciplinary Limiting Factor

Multiple Choice

(5) A factor that determines whether or not a population can grow in a given environment is called __.

• Limiting Factor

• Density Factor

• Population Factor

• Ecological Factor

Multiple Choice

PC Number 1

• A

• C

• N

• O

• R

Multiple Choice

BC Number 1

• A

• C

• N

• O

• R

Multiple Choice

PC Number 2

• C

• N

• O

• R

• T

Multiple Choice

BC Number 2

• A

• C

• N

• O

• R

Multiple Choice

PC Number 3

• T

• R

• O

• N

• C

Multiple Choice

BC Number 3

• R

• O

• C

• T

• A

Fill in the Blank

The word formed in Test II is ________.

Write your answer in CAPITAL LETTERS.