Mains and Batteries

Batteries & Circuits

EQ: How do batteries work?

What is stored energy?

●Potential energy waiting to be converted or transformed into another

●Batteries transform CHEMICAL energy into ELECTRICAL energy

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Batteries convert ​

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energy into ​

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energy.

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electrical

heat

chemical

light

What are battery terminals?

●Anode-

○ electrode which the electrons move to

○(-) terminal on a battery

●Cathode-

○Electrode which the electrons move from

○(+) terminal on a battery

●Batteries

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The ANODE is the

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terminal and the CATHODE is the ​

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negative

positive

neutral

How are WET and DRY batteries different?

Wet Cell

●Anode (Zinc)

●Cathode (Copper)

●Electrolyte solution

○Copper sulfate (blue liquid)

○Sulfuric acid (battery acid)

○Citric Acid (lemon juice)

Uses

●Where powerful batteries are needed and
the acid won’t spill- Cars, boats, solar
panels

Dry Cell

●Anode (negative terminal)

●Cathode (positive terminal)

●Electrolyte paste

○Chemical solution sealed to prevent leaks of
electrolytes

Uses

●Where smaller batteries are needed in
items that wet batteries could spill- toys,
flashlights, radios, smoke detectors

Categorize

Options (6)

Liquid electrolyte

Used in cars, boats, and solar panels

Made of lead plates

Electrolyte paste

Used in small devices such as toys and flashlights

Has + and - terminals

What are the DIFFERENCES between WET and DRY batteries?

WET battery

Dry Battery

What do Volts measure?

●Volts-
○the force that pushes a charge through a circuit

○Measures the potential difference between two parts of a circuit

What do Amperes measure?

●Amps- Also called Amperes
○Amps- Also called Amperes

○Measure the amount of electrical CHARGE or CURRENTMeasure the amount
of electrical CHARGE or CURRENT

Drag and Drop

​

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measures the potential electricity or the amount of pressure in the circuit. ​

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measures the amount of current at a certain point in the circuit.

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Volts

Amps

Ohms

What is a circuit?

●complete path through which electricity flows
○From the word ‘circle’

What are THREE parts of circuits?

○Must have 3 parts to be complete
■ Source of electricity

■Devices run by electricity

■Connected by conducting wires and switches

What are Conductors?

●Conductors
○Materials that allow electricity to flow freely
■Usually has loosely bound electrons

■Mostly metals

What are Insulators?

●Insulators
○Materials that keep electricity from flowing
■Have tightly bound electrons

■Rubber, glass, plastic, and wood

What are resistors?

●Resistor
○ Object that uses electrical energy as interferes with or ‘resists’ the current
■Either converts electricity to heat or light energy

●Resistance
○ How much energy is slowed down by a material

**The greater the resistance, the less current or amps there is flowing for a given
voltage.

Categorize

Options (6)

Material that keeps electricity from flowing

Rubber, Glass, or Plastic

Materials that allow electrons to flow freely

Copper, Silver, metals

Uses electrical energy and converts energy into heat or light

Light bulb

Sort the answers as either insulators, conductors, or resistors.

Insulators

Conductors

Resistors

What are Series circuits?

●Series circuit
○Only ONE path for the electricity to flow

○Batteries- adds to amps and volts

○Lights or resistors
■ Decreases amps and volts

■Lights shine dimmer

What are Parallel circuits?

●Parallel Circuits
○ Several paths for electricity to flow

○Batteries
■ Keeps same amps and volts, but lasts longer

○Lights or resistors
■ Shine with equal brightness

Categorize

Options (6)

Only 1 path for electricity to flow

In batteries add amps and volts

In lights dims lights and if one goes out all go out

Multiple paths for electricity to flow

For batteries, keeps the same amps and volts, but lasts longer

For lights, all equal brightness and stay lit if one goes out

Sort the options into either series or parallel categories.

Series Circuit

Parallel Circuit