Mutations and Gene Regulation

Gene Regulation

by Stacy King

​DNA and Cell Function

• ​DNA is in every cell

• ​mRNA only copies DNA genes that are useful to the cell

• ​cell function is dependent on the proteins produced

  • ​pancreas- insulin

  • ​blood cells- hemoglobin

Multiple Choice

Why are cells in the skeletal system sturdy, where as skin cells are soft and stretchy? 

• due to the specific proteins that are synthesized (made) by specific cells

• due to DNA

• due to underlying mutations and specifications of the DNA

​DNA Regulation

• ​Transcription factors

  • ​on and off switch for mRNA

​Transcription Factors

• ​Respond to the environment

  • ​melanocytes

Multiple Choice

What functions as the on off switch for mRNA transcription

• transcription factors

• translation factors

• transgenic factors

• transportation factors

​Types of Mutations

• Substitution

  • ​a single nucleotides base is changed

​Types of Mutations

• Insertion ​

  • ​The addition of a nucleotide

Types of Mutations​

• ​Deletions

  • ​deleting a nucleotide

Multiple Choice

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Inversion

Multiple Choice

What mutation has occurred here?  T-G-A-C-C-A T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift 

​Mutations

• Neutral

• ​Positive

  • ​better adapted

• ​Negative

  • ​less adapted

Multiple Choice

A change in the sequence GAG to GGG would 

• change the amino acid from Leu to Pro

• changes the amino acid from Leu to Phe

• change the amino acid from Leu to STOP

• does not change the amino acid

Multiple Choice

Normal- AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG Mutant- AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G

• deletion frameshift

• insertion frameshift

• substitution

• nonsense