Persian Wars and Peloponnesian Wars

• The Persian Empire

• Athens

• Sparta

• Founded by Cyrus the Great

• Built the largest empire in the world

• Predominantly Zoroastrian but practices religious tolerance

• Darius I seizes throne in 522 BCE

• Expands empire into Greece, Egypt, and central Europe

•

Located in southeastern
Peloponnese

•

Militaristic society

•

Huge population of enslaved “helots”

•

Leader of the Peloponnesian League

•

Democratic form of government

•

Greater appreciation for arts & culture

•

Few rights for women

•

Leader of the Delian League

Draw

Identify Athens, Persia, and Sparta

• Ionian Greeks rebelled

against Persia to gain
independence

• Athens sent aid to

help the Ionian
Greeks

• Persia defeated

the Ionian rebels
and wanted revenge
on Athens for interfering

• Darius assembled an army of 20,000 to invade Greece in

490 BCE

• The Persian fleet landed at Marathon, about 25 miles from

Athens.

• The outnumbered Athenians defeated the Persians at the

Battle of Marathon

​This is an "envelopment" and was a favored tactic of the Hoplites.

Drag and Drop

The ​

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tactic was used successfully by the ​

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to defeat the ​

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at the Battle of ​

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.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Envelopment

Athenians

Persians

Marathon

Flanking

Spartans

Thermopyle

Thermopylae

Gettysburg

• Darius dies and his son

Xerxes takes power in
Persia

• Xerxes begins planning

an invasion of Greece to
avenge their defeat

• Xerxes set out in the

spring of 480 BCE with
supposedly the largest
army ever assembled

Multiple Choice

The ruler of the nation who crushed the Ionian revolt

• Darius

• Xerxes

• Themistocles

• Leonides

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Ionian Greeks rebelled

  against Persia to gain independence

• Athens sent aid to

  help the Ionian Greeks

• Persia defeated

  the Ionian rebels and wanted revenge on Athens for interfering

• Athens defeated the Persian army at the battle of Marathon

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

The Athenian army greatly outnumbered the Persian army

• True

• False

• they were evenly matched

Poll

What I now know about the first Persian War