Biology Genetics

Genetics Overview

Genetics

• Study of inheritance

• Gregor Mendel is the “Father of Genetics”

• He used pea plants because they had easily identifiable traits

Vocabulary

Dominant- gene, trait, or allele that shows

Recessive- gene, trait, or allele that does not show

Homozygous- two of the same genes, traits, or alleles in the same individual (Double O’s)

Heterozygous- two different genes, traits, or allele in the same individual

Vocab

• Punnett Square- Tool used to predict two individuals offspring

• Pedigree- History of an individuals traits

Vocab

• Purebred- homozygous

• Hybrid- heterozygous

• Carrier- heterozygous the trait is hidden

Vocab

• Genotype- the genetic makeup of an individual (the letters)

• Phenotype- the physical characteristics of an individual (ph=ph)

Probability

• A measured chance of something happening

• In Genetics we are measuring the chance of individuals gaining dominant and recessive traits

Punnett Square

• Probability in a monohybrid Punnett square is 1/4 1/2 3/4 4/4

• You can show this in ratios, fractions, percentages, or just numbers

Pedigree

• Genetic representation of a family tree

• Shows relationships between family members

• This can be male or female, and which members are carriers for a trait

Multiple Choice

The genotype bb is ...

• homozygous dominant

• heterozygous

• homozygous recessive

Multiple Choice

The genotype BB is ...

• homozygous dominant

• heterozygous

• homozygous recessive

Multiple Choice

The genotype Hh is ...

• homozygous dominant

• heterozygous

• homozygous recessive

Multiple Choice

Complex molecule that carries genetic information that defines an organism's traits. It is stored in the nucleus.

• DNA
• protein
• RNA
• glucose nucleic acid (GNA)

Multiple Choice

having two different genes for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).

• protein
• homozygous
• heterozygous
• genotype

Multiple Choice

having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).

• homozygous
• hetrozygous
• protein
• chromosome

Multiple Choice

the chances of something happening

• dominant
• genotype
• phenotype
• probability

Multiple Choice

genetic makeup

• phenotype
• genotype
• heterzygous
• allele

Multiple Choice

an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic

• genotype
• phenotype
• genetics
• heterozygous

Multiple Choice

An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.

• hidden allele
• dominant allele
• recessive allele
• present allele

Multiple Choice

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

• recessive allele
• dominant allele
• hidden allele
• present allele

Multiple Choice

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.

• heredity

• trait

• gene

• allele