Cell Types and Structure

Cell Types & Structures

Word Cloud

What words do you think of when you hear the word "Cell?"

Draw

Draw what you assume a cell looks like.

Cells

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing
life functions.

Cells are often called the building blocks of life.

How Small are Cells?

A nerve cell in your leg could be a meter long.
A human egg cell is no bigger than the dot on an i on your paper.
A human red blood cell is about one-tenth the size of a human egg cell.
A bacteria cell is even smaller—8,000 of the smallest bacteria can fit inside one
of your red blood cells.

Levels of Organization

Cells- basic building blocks of living things

Tissue- group of cells working together to perform a function

Organ- group of tissues working together to perform a function

Organ System- group of organs working
together to perform a function

Organism- anything that has all 8
characteristics of life

Reorder

Reorder the following levels of organization from smallest to largest

• cells

• tissues

• organs

• organ systems

• organism

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Types of Cells

Scientists have found that cells can be
separated into 2 groups:

1.

Eukaryotic

2.

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic- cells with a nucleus

The two kinds of eukaryotic cells that we
will focus on are:

1.

Animal cells

2.

Plant cells

Think of it as “you carry a nucleus”

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic- cells without a nucleus

Bacteria cells are prokaryotes.

So far, scientists have discovered about 1
trillion bacteria species and they believe
99.99% have yet to be discovered.

Bacteria (prokaryotes) are much smaller and
more simple than eukaryotic cells.

Cell Structure

All cells have 3 things in common:

1.

Cell membrane

2.

DNA

3.

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Cell membrane- protective layer around ALL cells

It regulates interactions between the cell and the
environment

If a cell has a cell wall, the cell membrane is on the inside
of it.

Nucleus

Nucleus- control center or “brain” of
the cell that directs all cell
activities

It contains the instructions for
everything the cell does.

These instructions are called DNA

DNA

DNA- contains the code
(instructions) for the cell’s
structure and activities.

It is wrapped up into X-shaped
structures called chromosomes

Chromosomes- made of DNA

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm- jelly like substance
that fills the cell

Cytoplasm helps support the cell
and give it shape.

It also helps the organelles move
around the cell more easily.

Word Cloud

Differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

- Small & simple

- No nucleus

- No organelles
(specialized
structures)

- Ex: Bacteria

- Large & Complex

- Contain Nucleus

- Membrane-bound
organelles (specialized
structures)
- Ex: plants,
animals, fungi,
and protists

- Cell membrane

- Contain DNA

- Cytoplasm

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