Cells and DNA Structure and Function

DNA Structure, Function and Replication Basics

​Essential Question: What is DNA and its structure? Why is it important to the cell cycle?

Highlights- Write this in your journal
-Any thing highlighted in a different color needs to be highlighted in your notes!

What is DNA?

• DNA carries the information for cellular structure and function

• DNA is the genetic code for making proteins giving you your characteristics

• DNA is found in the Nucleus of Eukaryotes

• DNA is a Nucleic Acid

Multiple Select

DNA carries the information that codes for... Choose 2

• Protein

• Inherited Characteristics

• Transduction

• Abiotic Factors

Multiple Choice

A double stranded helix that holds the code for all the cells in the body.

• RNA

• DNA

• Chromatin

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Directs all cell activities through the DNA located there.

• Endomembrane System

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated

• it's in everything

• it serves as the genetic information for traits of all living things

• because we eat it every day for energy

Highlights-Write this in your journal

• DNA is made of monomers called Nucleotides

• Each Nucleotide has a Phosphate, Sugar and Nitrogen Base

• There are 4 Nitrogen Bases - Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

• Draw this in your notes.

Multiple Select

What are the 4 possible nitrogen bases in DNA?

• Adenine

• Uracil

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

Multiple Choice

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.) 

• amino acids
• nucleotides
• fatty acids
• polysaccharides

Multiple Choice

Label the picture in order:

• phosphate ; sugar ; base

• phosphate ; base ; sugar

• base ; sugar ; phosphate

• base ; phosphate ; sugar

Multiple Choice

Name this structure

• double helix

• nucelotide

• twisted ladder

• hydrogen bond

Hotspot

Click on the hotspot that correctly identifies the part of the nucleotide that contains the genetic material.

Highlights-Write this in your journal

• DNA is Double-Stranded and in a Double Helix shape

• The outside of DNA is a phosphate-sugar backbone

• The inside of DNA is the sequence of nitrogen bases that determine the genetic code

• The nitrogen bases ALWAYS pair A=T and C=G

Multiple Select

Which of the following make up a nucleotide? (check all that apply)

• Phosphate

• Fatty Acid

• Deoxyribose Sugar

• Nitrogen Base

Multiple Choice

Assume that you have straight hair and your sibling has curly hair. What accounts for this difference?

• You have DNA and your sibling does not.
• The your sequence of nitrogen bases is different than your sibling.
• Your sibling has a weave. 
• Your sibling has a genetic mutation. 

Multiple Select

Which are the correct complementary pairings of nitrogen bases? (choose 2)

• Adenine -- Thymine

• Thymine -- Guanine

• Guanine -- Cytosine

• Cytosine -- Adenine

Highlights

• DNA Replication makes an identical copy of DNA

• DNA polymerase is an enzyme that makes DNA (DNA polymer maker)

• Adenine complements Thymine

• Cytosine complements Guanine

Multiple Choice

Why does DNA replicate?

• To create another copy for the new cell
• To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
• To create a new copy to replace the damaged original

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides that create the new DNA molecules?

• Topoisomerase

• DNA Polymerase

• Ligase

• Primase

Multiple Choice

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand

CAT TCA CTG

• ATG TGA CAG

• TAC ACT GTC

• GTA AGT GAC

• CAT TCA CTG

When does DNA replication occur?

• DNA is replicated during the Synthesis Phase (S phase) of the cell cycle

• DNA must be replicated before the cell divides in Mitosis to ensure the new cells have DNA

  
  

Multiple Choice

In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

• G1
• S
• G2
• M

Open Ended

Based on what you learned, type your answers to the essential question in this space. Make sure to copy your answer into your notebook!

Poll

How do you feel about DNA and DNA replication?