Earth's Motion Review

• Sun is at one FOCUS - not the center

• PERIHELION is the near side

• APHELION is the far side

• Orbit is an ELLIPSE

• Kepler's 1st law of planetary motion

​What causes Seasons?

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​Why is it summer in Florida but Winter in Australia?

​When does the tilt change?

• Earth's Tilt

• Earth's Revolution​

Solstice

• Happens in June and December

• During the summer solstice, the hemisphere tilted toward the sun will see the longest day of the year.

• During the winter solstice, the hemisphere tilted away from the sun will see the shortest day of the year.

Equinox

• Occurs in March and September

• Halfway between the solstices

• Day and night are each about 12 hours long

• Neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the Sun

Solar Eclipse and Lunar Eclipse

• Solar: occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking the suns light. Only happens during daylight hours.

• Lunar: occurs during a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun. Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon. Only happens during a full moon and only at night.

Types of Tides

• There are two types of tides

• Spring tide: This is when the moon and sun are in direct line of each other. This pull from both objects create higher than normal high tides called Spring Tides.

• Neap tide: these are the normal tides that we have when the moon and sun are out of line with each other.

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​Neap Tide

​Spring Tide

​Tides: Effect of the Moon's Gravity on Earth's Sea levels

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Order of the Lunar Cycle

New Moon: the near side of the moon is unlit and there appears to be no moon in the sky

Waxing: the moon at any time after a new moon and before a full moon

Waning: the moon at any time after a full moon and before a new moon

Crescent: the figure of the moon in it first or last quarter, resembling a segment of a ring or croissant, tapering at the ends

Gibbous: having the illuminated part of the moon greater

than a semicircle and less than a circle

Quarter: 50% of the moon illumination is visible

Full: occurs when the moon is completely illuminated

How we see the Moon

• From Earth

Percentage of Illumination

How much of the side of the moon that we see

•

It takes the moon 27.3 days to revolve around
the Earth one time

•

The lunar cycle (from new moon back to new
moon) takes 29.5 days

•

The phases of the moon are a reflection of the
Sun’s light bouncing off of the moon’s surface

•

The moon appears to change shape because
only certain portions of its illuminated side are
seen as the moon revolves around Earth

Multiple Choice

What direction does Earth rotate and revolve?

• clockwise

• counterclockwise

Multiple Choice

Where in the diagram is Earth moving the fastest?

• from A to B
• from X to Y
• Earth moves around the Sun at a constant speed

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows an arrangement of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. Which MOST likely occurs at Point X due to the positions of the illustrated bodies?

• shorter hours of daylight

• stronger magnetic field

• early snowfall

• high tide

Multiple Choice

The small "Wobble" that occurs as the Earth's axis goes around in a circle is called:

• Nutation

• Precession

• Orbit

• Revolution

Multiple Choice

The height of an ocean tide is variable throughout the month, depending on the alignment of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth. The diagram shows some phases of the moon. During which phase of the moon would Earth experience the highest tides at Point X?

• Phase 1

• Phase 2

• Phase 3

• Phase 4

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the rotation where Earth's axis slowly goes in a circle (spinning like a top)?

• Precession

• Nutation

• Barycenter

• Revolution

Multiple Choice

What does Perigee describe?

• When the Earth is closest to the Sun

• When the Moon is closest to the Earth

• When the Sun is farthest from the Earth

• When the Moon is farthest from the Sun

Multiple Choice

Even though the Sun is much larger than the Moon, the Moon is much closer to the Earth than the Sun. It’s ________________ is stronger due to it being closer.

• gravitational pull

• neap tide

• rate of rotation

• illumination

Multiple Choice

Which body has the greater effect on Earth's tides?

• Sun

• Saturn

• Moon

• Venus

Multiple Choice

Which movement of Earth causes day and night?

• rotation

• revolution

Multiple Choice

What is Earth's annual motion around the sun called?

• Rotation

• Revolution

Multiple Choice

What is the Earth's tilt in degrees?

• 25.3 degrees

• 32.5 degrees

• 28.5 degrees

• 23.5 degrees

Multiple Choice

Tides are caused by ___________

• wind

• gravitational pull of moon

• waves gravitation toward land

• rain

Multiple Choice

A 3rd Quarter moon results in a ____ Tide

• Neap

• Spring

• Neither

Multiple Choice

In a Spring Tide, the water level is _____

• Higher than normal

• Lower than normal

• Indifferent

• Unaffected

Multiple Choice

When the Northern Hemisphere is pointing towards the sun, what season is the Southern Hemisphere?

• Winter

• Spring

• Fall

• Summer

Multiple Choice

A new moon results in a ____ Tide

• Neap

• Spring

• Neither

Multiple Choice

What are the reasons for the seasons?

• Earth's tilt and rotation.

• Earth's rotation and revolution.

• Earth's tilt and revolution.

• Earth's tilt and resolution

Multiple Choice

When the moon is in between the earth and the sun it is a

• New Moon

• Full Moon

• First Quarter

• Third Quarter

Multiple Choice

Waxing means...

• Growing

• Dying

• Losing light

• Moving

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent

• waxing crescent

• waning gibbous

• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent

• waxing crescent

• waning gibbous

• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• waning crescent

• waxing crescent

• waning gibbous

• waxing gibbous

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• First Quarter

• Last Quarter

• New Moon

• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• First Quarter

• Last Quarter

• New Moon

• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

Name the moon phase

• First Quarter

• Last Quarter

• New Moon

• Full Moon

Multiple Choice

What season is letter A?

• Winter

• Summer

• Spring

• Fall

Multiple Choice

Which season is taking place in the Northern Hemisphere in Position 3?

• Winter

• Spring

• Summer

• Fall

Multiple Choice

What do we call a tide that has a large range between the high and low tides?

• gravity tide

• wind tide

• spring tide

• neap tide

Multiple Choice

If the sun, moon, and Earth are lined up, what does this diagram represent?

• full moon

• new moon

• lunar eclipse

• solar eclipse

Multiple Choice

Which season is taking place in the Northern Hemisphere in Position 2?

• Winter

• Spring

• Summer

• Fall

Multiple Choice

What type of tides would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?

• neap tide

• spring tide

• new moon tide

• full moon tide

Multiple Choice

What type of tide would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?

• full moon tide

• new moon tide

• neap tide

• spring tide

Multiple Choice

If these three bodies are lined up with each other, what would this diagram represent?

• full moon

• new moon

• lunar eclipse

• solar eclipse

Multiple Choice

The term equinox means....

• equal amount of day light and equal amount of night

• Equal amount of winter and summer

• Equal amounts of hot dogs for everyone

• The longest day of the year

Multiple Choice

What is the longest day of the year?

• winter solstice

• summer solstice

• fall equinox

• spring equinox

Multiple Choice

Which of these best shows that the Earth revolves around the sun as the moon revolves around the Earth?

• Picture A

• Picture B

• Picture C

• Picture D