High School Biology Review Lesson on Ecology

Ecology Review

By Derek Hathaway

​Ecology

​Ecology is the study of relationships between living things and their environment

​

Environment is made up of biotic and abiotic things

• Biotic: living

• Abiotic: nonliving​

Ecosystem= Level of ecology that includes

the biotic and abiotic factors

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an abiotic factor?

• Grass

• Fungi

• Bacteria

• Water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a behavioral adaptation?

• Migrating south for the winter

• Large Claws

• Camouflage

• Toxic chemicals for defense

How Energy Flows

• Energy flows through an ecosystems in one direction

• Starting with the sun or chemical compounds

• Then to autotrophs(producers)

• Then to various heterotrophs(consumers)

Food Webs

Models that show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community; links all food chains in an ecosystem together.

Trophic Levels

• Energy is passed up a food chain or food web from lower to higher trophic levels.

• Generally only about 10% of the energy at one level is available to the next level and stored as energy

  • The rest of the energy is used for metabolic process or given off as heat to the environment.

Multiple Choice

What is always on the bottom level of energy pyramid?

• primary consumers

• secondary consumers

• autotrophs (producers)

• heterotrophs (consumers)

Multiple Choice

What do fungi do to dead plants and animals?

• Leave them there

• Decompose them

• Wait for other animals to eat them

• Move away

Matter Recycling

• An ecosystem survives by a combination of energy flow and matter recycling

• Biogeochemical cycles move all nutrients through air, water, soil, rock and living organisms

Carbon Cycle

• The circulation of carbon between the living organisms and the non-living components of ecosystems.

• Plants and other organisms that can perform photosynthesis help to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen.

Nitrogen Cycle

• ~ 78% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas, but it is not in a usable form

• Bacteria are the only organisms that can use nitrogen directly from the environment

Population Ecology

Multiple Choice

The highest population an environment can support is called

• a limiting factor

• exponential growth

• carrying capacity

Multiple Choice

When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what eventually happens to the population?

• Continues to grow

• The population starts to die off, due to limited resources

• The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity

Multiple Choice

The picture shows what type of succession?

• primary

• secondary

• tertiary

• quadanary

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?

• Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
• Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
• Enzymes decrease the activation energy of the reaction.