Intro to Ions

Its all about Ions

by Patrick Antes

​Ions

​An ion that consists of only one atom is called a monoatomic ion. Different atoms can also combine to form polyatomic ions

​

•Monoatomic ions:

Na+ Mg₂⁺ Fe₃⁺ S2^- Cl^-

•Polyatomic ions:

MnO4^- PO4^- HCO₃^- SCN^-

Multiple Choice

An ion formed from only one atom.

• monoatomic ion
• oxyanion
• polyatomic ion
• cation

Multiple Choice

An ion that has a negative charge.

• anion
• cation
• monoatomic ion
• oxyanion

​Ions

​•Elements that belong to group 1 (Alkali group) of the periodic table can give off only one electron, while those in group 2 (alkaline earth group) always lose two electrons.

Multiple Choice

All the Group 1A ions have a __________ charge. (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)

• 1+

• 2+

• 3+

• 1-

Multiple Choice

Element: Calcium, element #20

Ion Name: ? Formula ?

• Calcium: Ca²⁺

• Calcide: Ca²⁺

• Calcate: Ca²⁺

• Calcite: Ca²⁺

​Ions

•Transition metals vary in the number of electrons they tend to lose, resulting into a variety of electrical charges that the metal can attain.

​

​•In a classical method, the ion with lower charge ends with the suffix –ous while that with the higher charge ends with –ic .

Ions​

​•These suffixes are attached to the first few syllables of the foreign name of the metal instead of its English name.

•In the stock method, a Roman numeral to indicate the charge is written in parentheses after the name of the metal.

​

  Classical  Stock

  Fe2+  Ferrous  Iron(II)

  Fe3+  Ferric  Iron(III)

Multiple Choice

The charge on Tin (II) Oxide is...

• 2+

• 2-

• 0

• 1+

​Ions

​•Nonmetals take a different system of nomenclature.

•The monoatomic anions are named by attaching the suffix –ide to the first few syllables of the nonmetal name.

​

  Br-  Bromide

 

  S2-    Sulfide

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

• MgCl
• Mg₂Cl
• MgCl₂
• Mg(ClO₃)₂

Multiple Choice

The name of Mg₃N₂ is

• manganese nitride
• magnesium nitride
• magnesium (III) nitride
• trimagnesium dinitride

​Ions

•Metals form polyatomic ions in combination with oxygen, and the result is a group of negatively charged ions reffered to as oxoanions.

•In naming oxoanions, the anion with the lower charge of the metal ends with –ite, while the one with the higher charge of the metal ends with –ate.

  AsO₃^3-  Arsenite

   AsO₄^3-  Arsenate

Multiple Choice

a polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms

• anion

• polyatomic ion

• electrolyte

• oxyanion

Multiple Choice

Chlorate is a common oxyanion of the halide group. Its formula is

• ClO^-1

• ClO₂^-1

• ClO₃^-1

• ClO₄^-1

​Ions

​•Nonmetals also form polyatomic ions with oxygen. As in the case of the metals, the anion with a lower charge ends with –ite and the one with a higher charge ends with –ate.

NO₂^-    nitrite

NO₃^-    nitrate

Multiple Choice

Nonmetals are

• usually cations
• likely to lose electrons
• usually negative ions
• all of these

Multiple Choice

What would phosphorous do with its valence electrons?

• lose them
• gain more
• share
• nothing

Multiple Choice

The oxidation for sulfur is

• +2
• -2
• +6
• -6

​Ions

•Ternary polyatomic ions (consisting of three different elements) can also be formed by the addition of hydrogen.

•If there is only one type of ternary ion formed, then a prefix bi- is added to indicate the presence of hydrogen in the chemical formula.

•If  there are several types of ions formed with hydrogen, it is more practical to simply add Greek prefixes to indicate the number of hydrogen ions present such as di- for two.

  CO₃^2-  carbonate ------ HCO₃^-    bicarbonate

  PO₄^3-  phosphate------- HPO₄^2-  hydrogen phosphate

  H₂PO₄^- dihydrogen phosphate​

Multiple Choice

NH₄⁺

• nitrogen hydride
• ammonium

Multiple Choice

CN^-

• cyanide
• carbon nitride

Multiple Choice

PO₄^3-

• phosphate
• phosphorus oxide

Multiple Choice

What is the name of Al(NO₃)₃?

• Aluminum trinitrate
• Monoaluminum nitrate
• Aluminum (III) nitrate
• Aluminum Nitrate

Multiple Choice

Identify Gallium Sulfate

• GaSO₄
• Ga₂(SO₄)₃
• Ga₃(SO₄)₂
• Ga₂SO₄

Multiple Choice

Formula for Hydroxide

• OH

• OH^-1

• OH⁼¹

Fill in the Blank

What is the oxidation number of the ammonium ion?