Biology Lesson

Multiple Choice

The yellow part of this picture is DNA. What do you think the turquoise part around it is?

• chromosome

• gene

• DNA

• ACTG

Multiple Choice

DNA is inside your cells. What part of the cell is the DNA inside of?

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is a gene?

• A bundle (like a hot dog bun) that the DNA is packed into
• something inside the nucleus
• a piece of DNA
• all of your DNA

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is FALSE?

• All organisms have 23 pairs of DNA.
• Chromosomes are made of genes.
• DNA is made out of 4 chemicals: adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine
• DNA is the recipe for life.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is FALSE?

• Humans have 23 pairs of DNA.
• Humans have 46 total chromosomes.
• Genes are made of chromosomes.
• Every human's DNA is at least 99% similar.

Multiple Choice

The twisted ladder shape of DNA is referred to as a ....

• Twizzler candy
• twisted ladder
• double helix
• yo mama

Multiple Choice

Little pieces of DNA that code for our traits are called

• cells

• chromosomes

• genes

Multiple Choice

Genetic traits are passed from ________ to ________.

• parent; offspring
• chromosomes; traits
• DNA; genes
• offspring; parents

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• It is very small and very complicated.

• It is in everything.

• It serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things.

• We eat it every day for energy.

Multiple Choice

A chromosome is made of coiled up ___________.

• cells

• nuclei

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Little pieces of DNA that code for our traits are called

• cells

• chromosomes

• genes

Multiple Choice

• chromosome

• DNA

• genes

• heredity

Multiple Choice

Segments of DNA are called _______________________

• Genes

• Alleles

• Traits

• Chromosomes

Multiple Choice

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is known as....

• hierarchy

• heredity

• traits

• genetics

Multiple Choice

Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and..?

• nitrogenous base
• nucleic acid
• cholesterol
• fatty acid

Multiple Choice

The 2 exact copies of DNA in a chromosome are called ________.

• chromatids

• genes

• mutations

• pathogens

Multiple Choice

The number of human chromosomes is

• 23

• 46

• 92

• 64

Multiple Choice

What is the result of mitosis?

• 1 cell
• 2 genetically identical cells
• 2 genetically different cells
• 4 genetically identical cells

Multiple Choice

This picture shows which process? 

• mitosis
• meiosis
• the cell cycle

Multiple Choice

This image shows chromosomes during Prophase 1. Which of the following correctly describes the process shown?

• segregation of sister chromatids
• condensation and segregation of alleles
• mutationin which the DNA content of the gene is altered
• crossing - over in which alleles are exchanged

Multiple Select

Which statements are TRUE (more than one answer is correct!)

• Different species have different chromosome numbers

• The cells of larger organisms have more DNA than the cells of smaller organisms

• Within a species, individuals will have the same chromosome number but have different genes

• Offspring can inherit chromosomes from relatives other than the parent (s)

Multiple Choice

Different forms of genes

• Allele

• Genotype

• Phenotype

• Trait

Duplication

Part of the chromosome is "copied & pasted" back into itself.

Inversion

Part of the chromosome is flipped so that the genes are reversed in order.

Deletion

Part of the chromosome is removed and lost.

Translocation

Section of two non-homologous chromosomes are switched.

This is not like crossing over because the pieces are not equivalent!

Crossing Over

Crossing over is not considered to be a mutation.

During crossing over, homologous chromosomes exchange equivalent sections of their genes.

This process naturally occurs in Prophase I.

Multiple Choice

What type of mutation is this?

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Deletion

• Translocation

• none

Multiple Choice

What type of mutation is this?

• Duplication

• Inversion

• Deletion

• Translocation

• none

Match

Match the following

• Allele

• Homozygous

  Recessive

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous

  Dominant

• Genotype

variation of a gene

hh

Hh

HH

allele combination

• variation of a gene

• hh

• Hh

• HH

• allele combination

Multiple Choice

Long hair is a dominant trait. Choose the BEST statement.

• This guinea pig received two dominant traits. (HH)

• This guinea pig cannot have a recessive allele. (h)

• This guinea pig could be homozygous dominant (HH) or heterozygous (Hh)

• This guinea pig is homozygous recessive (hh)

Multiple Choice

Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?

• The color patterns of the offspring of each species

• How much the size ranges of the two species differ

• The methods of protein synthesis that each species uses

• How closely related the two species are to each other

Multiple Choice

The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials.

The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they —

• belong to the same species

• must range great distances to eat

• have very similar skeletal structures

• are descended from a common ancestor

Multiple Choice

Black fur is dominant (B) over white fur (b).  Find the probability of heterozygous offspring using the following genotype of these parents.
Bb + bb

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 100%

Multiple Choice

In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Perform the following cross: Tt x Tt. What is the probability of producing a short plant?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

Multiple Choice

You create a punnett square to determine the probability of hair color being passed to offspring. Brown hair is dominant. Blond hair is recessive. Both parents have brown hair. Both parents are heterozygous. What is the probability that the offspring will also have brown hair?

• 100%

• 75%

• 50%

• 25%

Multiple Choice

The different forms of a gene.

• Genes

• Allele

• Phenotype

• Pedigree

Multiple Choice

A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.

• Probability

• Punnett square

• Pedigree

• Genotype

Multiple Choice

What allele combination should go in the missing box?

• AA
• Aa
• aa
• none of these

Multiple Choice

What is the probability of having BB?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

What does a Punnett Square do?

• tell you exactly what your offspring will look like

• predict genotypes and phenotypes in offspring

• It has no purpose