Natural Selection

Natural Selection Info

What do we need to know about how traits in a population change?

You should learn, by the end...

• I can tell the difference between natural selection & artificial selection

• I can list the criteria that is necessary for Natural Selection to happen

• I can identify different types of adaptations

• I can describe a specific way an organism has adapted to be successful in its environment

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Poll

Which of these examples show Natural Selection? Pick as many as you think work.

• A gray tree frog and a green tree frog prefer different habitats

• A species of bacteria is able to adapt to eat a new food source while another species is not able to adapt

• Taking a tasty variety of apple and pollinating with a drought resistant variety of apple.

• Humans developing the enzyme to digest cow milk (lactose) while some cannot.

Multiple Choice

Natural Selection and Artificial Selection are...

• the same thing, they just use artificial traits or natural ones

• similar, they are based on evolution but one happens because of nature the other because of humans

• different, natural selection works because species naturally make decisions to change into something else. Artificial selection works because species are forced into changing into something else.

Multiple Select

Which of these were listed in the video as necessary for natural selection to occur? Check all that work.

• Limits on Population Growth

• Heritable Traits

• Humans selecting traits

• Variation in Population

1. Variation

2. Heredity

3. Limited Resources

4. Successful Traits

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Parts of Natural Selection

Natural Selection through ADAPTATION

• A feature or behavior that helps an organism survive

• Traits: neck length, beak shape

• The Point: organisms with favorable traits have a better chance of getting resources they need

Multiple Choice

Quick trivia! Darwin is best known for his comparison of _______, but he also studied tortoises and iguanas

• piranhas

• monkeys

• finches

• butterflies

Types of Adaptations

Let's give specifics on the three types of Adaptations!

Structural Adaptations

• What? A PHYSICAL feature that developed over time that helps an organism survive

• Example: Narrow beak can probe in the sane for insects

• Example: Long legs can walk through deep snow

• Example: Sharp teeth for tearing apart prey

Camouflage

• Linked to: a type of structural adaptation

• What? blending in with the environment

• How? Sneaking up on prey or hiding from a predator

Multiple Choice

An example of a structural adaptation is...

• a turtle hiding inside its shell

• The spikes on a porcupine fish

• a rabbit burrowing underground

• a viper biting when threatened

Mimicry

What? An organism resembling another organism in order to provide protection

Their appearance gives the organism a way to use another species adaptions, indirectly.

Open Ended

How would natural selection help support an organism that was a mimic?

Behavior Adaptions

How an organism acts can allow it a better chance to survive

Behavioral Adaptation

• Learned - through experience, organism gained adaptation

• Instinctive - organism was born with the adaptation (innate). Can be reflex or instinct

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT an example of mimicry:

• The fur of an arctic fox turns white in winter to match the snow

• The tongue of an alligator snapping turtle looks like a worm, so he lures fish to his mouth

• A bad tasting butterfly & a good tasting butterfly have similar markings, so birds don't eat either kind

Multiple Choice

Which of these things could be a part of an oak toad's camouflage?

• It sews a different costume for the winter and the spring.
• The older toads teach their tadpoles how to turn invisible.
• Its brown skin blends in with the leaves and soil on the forest floor.
• Its bright colors show that it is the prince of toads.

Learned Behavior

• Learned cannot be passed on to the next generation like Instinctive

• Example: A lizard gets sick after eating a poisonous insect, the lizard avoids that type of insect in the future

Physiological Adaptations

Organism can perform special functions WITHIN the body

Physiological Adaptations

• Chemical = make poison for Snakes venom

• Internal Structures = Camel Humps

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a learned behavior in a dog?

• eating meat

• running fast

• digging holes

• guiding sheep

Multiple Choice

Smelts are fish that lay their eggs in the sand on beaches. When the eggs hatch, the babies know to go to the water. This is an example of:

• inherited trait
• learned behavior
• hibernation
• camouflage

Multiple Choice

Which of these is not an inherited trait?

• a bird building a nest
• a turtle burying its eggs
• a bear hibernating in winter
• a horse pulling a plow

Can you recall? We are at the end...

• I can tell the difference between natural selection & artificial selection

• I can list the criteria that is necessary for Natural Selection to happen

• I can identify different types of adaptations

• I can describe a specific way an organism has adapted to be successful in its environment

What's next?

• If you didn't get a score of at least 70%, try the slide show again.

• Species #5 research - use a Website or AI

• How does that organism show signs of natural selection? Determine three types of adaptations they have to be successful.