Protein S

Protein Synthesis Final

By Sydney Mendel

​DNA vs RNA

DNA contains the information to code ​for proteins.

​

​DNA is found in the nucleus and cannot leave. However, proteins are made at the ribosome. DNA's code mut be copied so that the information can leave the nucleus. RNA is the complementary copy of DNA's code.

Multiple Choice

In RNA, Adenine (A) pairs with...

• T

• U

• C

• G

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA?

• Double stranded

• Contains the base Thymine

• Can leave the nucleus

• Contains the sugar deoxyribose

Types of RNA

3 Types:​

• Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies DNA’s code & carries the genetic information to the ribosomes

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), along with protein, makes up the ribosomes

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

  where proteins are synthesized​

Types of RNA​

​

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• DNA

Multiple Choice

What would be the complementary RNA sequence for the following DNA sequence?

ATTCGT

• UAAGCA

• TAAGCA

• GCCTAC

• UGCUAC

Pathway to Making a Protein​

​DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Subject | Subject

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Step 1: Transcription

DNA -> RNA

• The process of copyingthe sequence of one strand of DNA, the

  template strand

• mRNA copies the template strand​​

• This process occurs in the nucleus ​

• mRNA is complementary to DNA (not an exact copy)​

Step 2: Translation

RNA -> Protein

• Translation is the process of decoding the mRNA into a protein

• Ribosomes read mRNA three bases or 1 codon at a time and construct the proteins​

• tRNA brings the correct amino acid as coded for in the mRNA​

• ​Occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA?

• Photosynthesis

• Protein Synthesis

• Translation

• Transcription

Multiple Choice

What amino acid is coded for by the RNA sequence below?

AGG

• Gly

• Leu

• Arg

• Val

Multiple Choice

Which process is shown?

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Photosynthesis

The number of nucleotides changes.

​

Insertion: Adding a nucleotide

Deletion: Removing a nucleotide​

​

​

​Frameshift

The number of nucleotides stays the same, but a nucleotide changes.

Substituion

Mutations - Changes in nucleotides sequences

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Multiple Choice

What type of mutation has occured to the DNA sequence below?

Original DNA: AAC - GTA

Mutated DNA: AAG - TA

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Non - sense

Multiple Choice

Select the DNA sequence below that demonstrates a subsitution mutation.

Original DNA: AAT - GCC

• Mutated DNA:

  AAT - GGC - C

• Mutated DNA:

  AAG- CC

• Mutated DNA:

  ATT - GCC

• AAT - TGC - C