Proteins, Genes, and Chromosomes

Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes Review

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of DNA?

• to prevent mutations

• to synthesize proteins

• to store and transmit genetic information

• to control the rate of chemical reactions

Multiple Choice

The model represents molecules found within the nucleus of a cell.

Which statement best describes the relationship between the molecules seen in the model?

• A strand of DNA is made up of chromosomes found packaged in the nucleus.

• A strand of DNA is made up of chromosomes found packaged in the nucleus.

• A chromosome is organized into nuclei that are packaged in the strands of DNA.

• A chromosome is made up of nuclei found packaged in strands of DNA.

Multiple Choice

A student examines a picture of an important biological molecule in a textbook and writes four statements about the molecule in a chart.

Which statement needs to be revised to make it true?

• statement 3

• statement 4

• statement 1

• statement 2

Multiple Choice

Which statement describes the relationship between DNA and an organism's phenotype?

• DNA is expressed as a chromosome which determines the genetic make-up of the organism.

• DNA is expressed as a chromosome which determines the expressed trait of the organism.

• DNA is expressed as a gene which determines the genetic make-up of the organism.

• DNA is expressed as a gene which determines the expressed trait of the organism.

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a single strand of DNA.

What is the complementary DNA sequence for the strand?

• CTGCCGAATTCTACG

• GACGGCTTAAGATGC

• AGTAATCCGGAGCAT

• TCATTAGGCCTCGTA

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows adenine, one of the types of nitrogenous bases in DNA.

In a DNA molecule, to which other nitrogenous base would adenine bond?

Multiple Choice

Scientists are working to design the genetic code of an organism they intend to create in a lab. Which nucleotides can they use to sequence the DNA of the organism?

• A, G, T, U

• A, C, G, U

• A, C, G, T

• A, C, T, U

Multiple Choice

Which strand of DNA reflects the accurate pairing of nucleotides?

Multiple Choice

Before a cell can divide, what process must occur?

• DNA hybridization

• DNA replication

• RNA translation

• RNA transcription

Multiple Choice

A process that occurs in all eukaryotic cells is outlined in the diagram.

What process is described?

• DNA replication

• protein synthesis

• transcription only

• translation only

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a parent strand of DNA undergoing replication.

Which two DNA strands will be formed from the Parent DNA?

Multiple Choice

Which statement can a student use to communicate the relationship between DNA and a chromosome?

• DNA is made of several chromosomes.

• A chromosome is made of several strings of DNA.

• DNA is made of a coiled chromosome.

• A chromosome is made of coiled DNA.

Multiple Choice

The image above shows the genetic material within a eukaryotic cell.

Which of the following correctly describes the hierarchy of genetic material within a cell?

• Molecules of DNA are made up of two chromosomes, which are each made of one chromatid.

• Each chromosome in a cell is made up of two chromatids, which are each made up of molecules of DNA.

• Molecules of DNA are made up of chromatids, which are each made up of two chromosomes.

• Each chromatid in a cell is made up of two chromosomes, which are each made up of molecules of DNA.

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a section of a cell that has been magnified.

Which statement best describes the relationships between the three visible structures in the magnified section of the cell?

• A chromosome is a structure near the nucleus that consists of genes on specific locations.

• A chromosome is a structure in the nucleus that is composed of DNA.

• A chromosome contains DNA that is composed of proteins.

• A chromosome consists of many genes that form different proteins.

Multiple Choice

A dog has 78 chromosomes in its body cells. What is the diploid number?

• 78

• 1

• 39

• 100

Multiple Choice

A Goat has 60 chromosomes in its body cells. What is the haploid number?

• 60

• 100

• 30

• 120

Multiple Choice

What is the segment of DNA that contains information to synthesize a specific protein molecule?

• chromosome

• codon

• gene

• RNA

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about genetic information?

• A DNA molecule is a section of a gene found on the nucleus of chromosome.

• The nucleus of a cell contains genes that are made up of chromosomes composed of DNA.

• A gene is a section of DNA and is found on a chromosome in the cell's nucleus.

• A chromosome is a section of a gene found in the nucleus of a DNA molecule.

Multiple Choice

A student studies the diagram shown.

What can be concluded about the relationship between genes, chromosomes, and inherited traits?

• An organism obtains two alleles for a gene of a specific trait from each parent on two chromosomes.

• An organism obtains one allele for a gene of a specific trait from one parent on one chromosome.

• An organism obtains one allele for a gene of a specific trait from each parent on one chromosome.

• An organism obtains two alleles for a gene of a specific trait from each parent on one chromosome.

Multiple Choice

Genes code for proteins that determine the phenotypes of individuals. Individuals inherit genes from parents.What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?

• Genes are made up of chromosomes.

• Genes are present on chromosomes.

• Chromosomes are independent of genes.

• Chromosomes are present inside genes.