Solubility Rules

Solubility Rules
& Precipitation Reactions

​Bromfield CP Chemistry

Let's start by reviewing descriptive symbols used in writing chemical equations

Multiple Choice

What symbol is used for a gaseous product?

• (aq)

• ↑

• ↓

• (s)

Multiple Choice

What symbol is used for a substance dissolved in water?

• (g)

• (aq)

• (l)

• (s)

Multiple Select

What symbols are used for a solid product?

• (g)

• ↑

• (s)

• (l)

• ↓

Multiple Choice

What symbol is used for a solid reactant?

• (g)

• ↑

• ↓

• (s)

What makes a reaction likely to occur?

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​Driving forces

formation of a precipitate

​

​Driving force for double displacement reactions

an insoluble solid that forms when two aqueous solutions are combined

​

​Precipitate

​explore the simulation on the next slide

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List two observations you made after exploring the simulation

If the reaction occurs: some ions form the precipitate

Other ions remain unchanged in solution ("spectator ions")

​

​Double displacement reactions

If no precipitate forms, no reaction will take place

All the ions just remain in solution

​

​Double displacement reactions

We can use the solubility table to determine this

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​Will a particular ionic compound dissolve in water?

Multiple Choice

According to the solubility rules (chart), compounds containing ammonium cations, NH₄⁺ are:

• not soluble

• sometimes soluble

• always soluble

• always insoluble

Multiple Choice

According to the solubility rules (reference chart), compounds containing hydroxide anions, OH^-

• are insoluble when combined with ammonium

• are always insoluble

• are soluble when combined with group 1 elements

• are always soluble

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

Mg(NO₃)₂

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

CaCl₂

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

Al₂S₃

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

Na₂CO₃

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

CaS

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

Ag₂SO₄

• Soluble

• insoluble

Multiple Choice

Which type of reaction can be a precipitation reaction?

• synthesis reaction

• single replacement reaction

• double replacement reaction

• combustion reaction

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a precipitate?

• an insoluble solid

• a soluble solid

• a soluble gas

• an insoluble liquid

Multiple Choice

In this equation,
CuCl₂ + NaOH  → Cu(OH)₂ + NaCl
Which product is insoluble?

• Cu(OH)₂

  copper(II) hydroxide

• NaCl, sodium chloride

• NaOH, sodium hydroxide

• CuCl₂, copper(II) chloride

Multiple Choice

In this unbalanced chemical equation,

Mg(NO₃)₂ + (NH₄)₃PO₄ → Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + NH₄NO₃

which product is insoluble?

• Mg₃(PO₄)_2, magnesium phosphate

• Mg(NO₃)_2, magnesium nitrate

• (NH₄)₃PO_4, ammonium phosphate

• NH₄NO_3, ammonium nitrate

Multiple Choice

AB (aq) + CD (aq) → AD (aq) + CB(s)

Which substance is the precipitate in the reaction above?

• AB

• CD

• AD

• CB

Multiple Choice

Predict the Products of the double-replacement (precipitate) reactions

Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + MgI₂(aq) →

• Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + MgI₂ (s)

• PbI₂ (s) + Mg(NO₃)₂ (aq)

• Pb(NO₃)₂ (s) + MgI₂ (aq)

• PbMg (s) + I(NO₃)₂ (aq)

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

MgCl₂

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

CaCl₂(aq) + 2 AgNO₃(aq) → Ca(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2 AgCl(s)

Which product above is the precipitate?

• CaCl₂(aq)

• AgNO₃(aq)

• Ca(NO₃)₂(aq)

• AgCl(s)

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

(NH₄)₂CO₃

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

CaCl₂(aq) + 2 AgNO₃(aq) → Ca(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2 AgCl(s)

Give 2 clues that the reaction above is called a precipitation reaction

• It's a double replacement reaction that forms one aqueous and one solid product

• It's a single replacement reaction that forms one aqueous and one solid product

• It's a double replacement reaction that forms two aqueous products

• It's a single replacement reaction that forms two aqueous products

Multiple Choice

Use the solubility rules to determine if the following compound is soluble in water:

PbBr₂

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

Which of the products is the precipitate?

Al₂(SO₄)₃ + CaS → CaSO₄ + Al₂S₃

• Al₂(SO₄)₃

• CaS

• CaSO₄

• Al₂S₃