Module 2 SOL Review

Module 2

Potential Energy

Think of potential energy as stored energy. It can be based on position or chemical composition. 

Potential energy can be in the form of chemical energy (energy in bonds), nuclear energy (the energy that holds the nucleus of an atom together), elastic energy (energy in objects that have a restorative force, such as springs or rubber bands) and gravitational potential energy (energy of place or position). 

Multiple Choice

Potential energy due to position

• gravitational potential energy
• mechanical energy
• kinetic energy
• elastic potential energy

Multiple Choice

Where is the potential energy of the roller coaster the lowest?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Where is the potential energy of the roller coaster the greatest?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. 


Kinetic energy is the motion of waves, electrons, molecules, or an object.  

When the motion energy of an object changes, there is inevitably some other change in energy at the same time.

Multiple Choice

This is an example of _____________ energy.

• Chemical

• Elastic

• Gravitational

• Kinetic

Multiple Choice

Kinetic energy is the energy of

• trains

• location

• atoms

• motion

Nuclear Energy

Nuclear Energy is the energy that holds the nucleus of an atom together. 

When atomic nuclei are combined/fused (fusion) or split (fission), massive amounts of energy are released.

Multiple Choice

Energy that comes from the nucleus of an atom. A form of potential energy.

• chemical energy
• Nuclear energy
• Sound energy
• Electrical energy

Multiple Choice

What is nuclear fusion?

• Process of splitting atomic nuclei to release energy.

• Process of converting nuclear energy into electrical energy.

• Process of combining electrons and protons to form an atom.

• Process of combining atomic nuclei to form a more massive nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is nuclear fission?

• The combining of two atomic nuclei to form a larger nucleus.

• The process of converting nuclear energy into electrical energy.

• The release of energy from the sun's core through nuclear reactions.

• The splitting of an atom's nucleus into smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy.

Heat (Thermal Energy)

Thermal Energy is created by the movement of particles (atoms) that produces heat.

As thermal energy increases, temperature increases.

The faster atoms move, the greater the amount of heat energy. The opposite is also true.

Thermal energy also depends on the number of particles. If there are more particles, there is more thermal energy.

Multiple Choice

The energy an object has due to the motion of its particles; the total amount of kinetic energy of particles in an object.

• heat
• thermal energy
• conduction
• convection

Chemical Energy

Chemical energy is energy stored in chemical bonds.

When chemical bonds are broken, new chemicals are formed, and some of the stored energy is released as different forms of energy, like thermal energy.

Multiple Choice

Energy that is stored in bonds between atoms is:

• Mechanical energy
• Chemical energy
• Kinetic energy
• Nuclear energy

Light (Radiant) Energy

Light or radiant energy is energy transmitted as waves that travel through space and time. (These waves are called electromagnetic waves.)

Radiant (Light) energy can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected.

Types of light energy:
gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio waves.

Multiple Choice

What is associated with radiant energy?

• light energy
• thermal energy
• chemical energy
• kinetic energy

Electrical Energy

Electrical energy is energy that is carried in an electrical current,also called a “stream” of electrons.

When electrons form a stream in nature, you can see it in sizes from static sparks up to lightning.

The electrical energy used in your home can be thought of as potential energy that is used when you plug in an electrical appliance and use it.

Sound Energy

Sound energy is caused by an object’s vibrations.

A vibrating object transmits energy through the air around it in waves.
Sound energy travels through different substances at different speeds, based on their density.(.longitudinal waves)

Multiple Choice

Sound Energy is

• Kinetic Energy

• Potential Energy

• Mechanical Energy

• Radiant Energy

Multiple Choice

The Law of Conservation of Energy says that...

• energy is the ability to do work.

• energy can not change forms.

• energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

• energy can only be created by the Sun.

Multiple Choice

Which energy transformation takes place when using a corded power drill?

• thermal to mechanical

• chemical to electrical

• mechanical to chemical

• electrical to mechanical

Multiple Choice

When the toaster is used, Electrical Energy is transferred to _____ Energy.

• solar and nuclear

• mechanical and thermal

• Chemical and thermal

• electrical and sound

Multiple Choice

This tea kettle whistles when the water boils. What energy transformations are taking place?

• electrical --> thermal --> sound

• chemical --> sound --> thermal

• mechanical --> thermal --> sound

Multiple Choice

Identify the correct sequence of energy transformations in the campfire.

• Chemical --> thermal + radiant

• Chemical --> solar  + radiant

• Nuclear --> sound + thermal

• Chemical --> electric + sound 

Multiple Choice

The temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter

• temperature

• convection

• absolute zero

• radiation

Multiple Choice

A group of friends gather around a fire to stay warm. This is an example of ________.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

___________________ is the type of heat transfer that occurs in fluids, such as warm air rising and cold air sinking; creating wind.

• Convection
• Conduction
• Radiation
• insulation.

Multiple Choice

The heat transferred from the Sun to the Earth by waves is called ________.

• conduction

• radiation

• convection

Multiple Choice

Near the ceiling of a room the air is warmer. The warm air rises because of ________.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

A pot is placed directly on a stove. The pot gets hot due to ________.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true?

• The quicker a molecule moves, the colder it is.

• The slower a molecule moves, the warmer it is.

• The quicker a molecule moves, the warmer it is

• The movement on molecule don't affect its temperature

Multiple Choice

Carries energy from one place to another

• Waves
• Amplitude
• Frequency
• Crest

Multiple Choice

Describe how energy is transferred in a longitudinal wave.

• Energy is transferred through the vibration of particles perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

• Energy is transferred through the vibration of particles parallel to the direction of wave travel.

• Energy is transferred through electromagnetic fields.

• Energy is transferred through the movement of particles in a circular motion.

Multiple Choice

A student observes a wave in a rope where the rope moves up and down while the wave travels horizontally. What type of wave is this?

• Transverse wave

• Longitudinal wave

• Surface wave

• Electromagnetic wave

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a transverse wave?

• Sound wave

• Light wave

• Seismic P-wave

• Pressure wave

Transverse Waves do NOT need matter to propagate (travel). They can travel with or without matter.

Pay attention to the wavelength and frequency as the rope moves up and down from left to right:

Transverse Waves

Multiple Choice

The amplitude measures from

• Crest to Crest

• Crest to Rest Position

• Crest to wavelength

• Crest to Trough

Multiple Choice

Wavelength measures from

• Crest to Crest

• Crest the Resting Point

• Crest to Trough

• Crest to Amplitude

Multiple Choice

• Trough
• Crest
• Amplitude
• Wavelength

Multiple Choice

• Crest
• Trough
• Height
• Frequency

Multiple Choice

• Amplitude
• Crest
• Trough
• Wavelength

Multiple Choice

• Frequency
• Amplitude
• Wavelength
• Trough

Multiple Choice

Which property of the wave would change if you changed the amount of energy the wave had?

• amplitude

• frequency

• wavelength

• wave speed

Match

Match the following

• Radio waves

• Microwaves

• Infrared rays

• UV rays

• Gamma Rays

Has the longest wavelengths and the lowest frequency

Used in cell phone communication and police radar systems

It is used in thermal imaging

Overexposure to this can result in sunburns and skin cancer

Has the highest energy of all electromagnetic radiation and is the most damaging to human tissue

• Has the longest wavelengths and the lowest frequency

• Used in cell phone communication and police radar systems

• It is used in thermal imaging

• Overexposure to this can result in sunburns and skin cancer

• Has the highest energy of all electromagnetic radiation and is the most damaging to human tissue

Reorder

Reorder the following according to the spectrum

• red

• orange

• yellow

• green

• blue

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous range of ______ for electromagnetic radiation.

• light

• frequencies

• particles

• magnestism

Multiple Choice

Electromagnetic waves transfer ______ without matter.

• information

• energy

• x rays

• medium

Multiple Choice

As the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave gets LONGER, the frequency gets ____________.

• Lower

• Higher

• Does not change

• Doubles

Longitudinal Waves need matter to propagate (travel).
We call this vibrating matter the medium.

Pay attention to the pattern of the movement of the particles in the compressions and rarefactions:

Longitudinal Waves

Multiple Choice

A mechanical wave is a disturbance in matter that transfers energy through ________.

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Which letter represents wavelength of a longitudinal wave?

• A

• B

• C

Multiple Choice

Which letter represents the rarefaction of this longitudinal wave?

• A

• B

• C

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the part represented with the letter A?

• Crest

• Congestion

• Compression

• Congregation

Multiple Choice

In which of these types of media will sound travel faster?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• vaccum

Multiple Choice

High frequency sounds have ______ pitch.

• high

• low

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of the doppler effect?

• The apparent change in pitch of a police siren as it passes you.

• The delay in sound between the lightning and thunder.

• The change in pressure in your ears when driving up a mountain.

• When you can no longer hear a sound as the pitch increases.

​Refraction of Light.
Refraction is the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another.

This bending by refraction makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms and rainbows.