Unit 5 South America

Unit 5 Latin American Revolutions
in the 20th Century

By Rhonda Tharp

Labelling

Use drag the countries to the map.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Chile

Brazil

Argentina

Venezuela

Peru

How were South American countries economically dependent on the United States in the 1900s?

​

​The Economy of South America

We became the leading investors in their economies by contributing $4 billion to them by the 1930s.

​

​South America depended on the US because...

We traded goods, invested in their businesses and loaned them money.

This made them very dependent & vulnerable.

​

​South America depended on the US because

Multiple Select

South America became economically dependent on the United States in the 1900s because the US _____ (mark all that apply).

• invested in their businesses

• sent missionaries to establish charities

• loaned them money

• increased trade

Gap between the rich and poor widened.

​South America (like Chile and Argentina) had become dependent on the US.

​Economically

Many people were stuck in a society changing from farming to industries.
Many lived in poverty.

​Socially

After World War II, countries like Argentina and Chile suffered economically

Refresh Your Memory

State (government) controls businesses that are privately owned

Fascist

Right wing; there's only one political party

Gov't is for the "good of the state"

Class differences exlst; there aren't conflicts (that we know of); racist (Social Darwinism)

Focuses on Nationalism (worry about our own people, not others)

Totalitarian Gov't

State (government) owns all business

Communist

Left wing; there's only one political party

Gov't is for the "good of all people"

Classless society; everyone is "equal"; not racist

Focuses on International relationships & trade

Authoritarian Gov't

Categorize

Options (8)

Government is for the good of the people

Government is for the good of the state

Focused on internationalism

Focused on nationalism

Left wing; communist

Right wing; fascist

Government owns the businesses

People own the businesses but they are controlled by the state

Organize these options into the right categories

Authoritarian

Totalitarian

In 1946, Juan Peron was elected as president.
He supported Labor Unions (workers’ rights).

He made big reforms for workers (like creating the 8 hour-work day and establishing a minimum wage.)

​

​In Argentina

He created programs to provide for the poor.

He started social security programs for Argentinians.

His wife, Eva Peron (there's a musical about her called 'Evita'), she worked on behalf of labor rights & improvements for the poor.

She advocated for voting rights for women.

​Juan Peron's Achievements

Since most of South America had become dependent on the United States, economically, Juan Peron's ideas encouraged revolt against capitalism in Argentina.

Peronism

Multiple Select

What positive things did Juan Peron accomplish for Argentina? Mark all that apply.

• Established a large military

• Established social security programs

• Established workers' rights (hours/wages)

• Minimized poverty

​Unlike fascism, Peronism was an authoritarian, not a totalitarian political system, as Argentina had communist traits.

Peronism is defined through its three flags, which are: "economic independence" , "social justice" and "political sovereignty."

Was Peron helpful or hurtful?

Peron took control of the economy and this hurt many businesses and farms.

Farmers left for industrial jobs, and this slowed food production.

He censored his critics - the media was not allowed to criticize him.

He had led the revolution in 1946, and he was in office until 1955.

He was arrested and upon release was elected again and served from 1973-1974.

​Juan Peron's Accomplishments - The Cons

Open Ended

What were some examples of authoritarianism in Juan Peron's administration?

In the next slide, explain why you think Peron was helpful or hurtful to Argentina.

Open Ended

Do you think Juan Peron was helpful or hurtful to Argentina? Why or why not - give your reasons.

Read to find out what happened to Salvador Allende and who took over after him.

Why do you think Allende was overthrown?

​

​What Happened in Chile?

Chile had been a democracy with capitalism after World War II.

Salvador Allende wanted to change Chile's economy to that of socialism and wanted Chile to be less reliant on the US.

​

​Chile

He was elected President in 1970.

He took property away from wealthy families & distributed it to the poor peasants.

He wanted to create socialism in Chile.

He & the government took control of businesses & industries.

When the US cut off aid to Chile, the USSR stepped in to help them.

​

Allende's Plan

By 1973, Allende had ruined the Chilean economy.

Chilean Military staged a coup d'etat (takeover) & Allende refused to surrender.

He died in the capitol building.

The military was now in charge.

​

​Effects of Allende's Plan

He arrested, tortured & executed Allende supporters; he was known for throwing people out of helicopters.

He replaced socialist policies with capitalist policies.

When he asked the Chilean people if he should stay in power, they said "NO."

He stepped down in 1990 & a democratic government was formed.

​Augusto Pinochet takes control

During his time in power, the military WAS the government.

The people had lost freedoms & basic human rights.

His rule, however, brought down inflation and they had economic security.

Effects of Pinochet's Rule

Refresh Your Memory

State (government) controls businesses that are privately owned

Fascist

Right wing; there's only one political party

Gov't is for the "good of the state"

Class differences exlst; there aren't conflicts (that we know of); racist (Social Darwinism)

Focuses on Nationalism (worry about our own people, not others)

Totalitarian Gov't

State (government) owns all business

Communist

Left wing; there's only one political party

Gov't is for the "good of all people"

Classless society; everyone is "equal"; not racist

Focuses on International relationships & trade

Authoritarian Gov't

Open Ended

What traits/actions did Pinochet have/take that showed authoritarian rule?

Why did Pedra Pascal's Family Leave Chile in 1973?

Both of Pascal's parents were listed as enemies of the state by the Pinochet regime and the family eventually fled Chile when he was nine months old, after seeking refuge in the Venezuelan embassy in Santiago for six months.

Open Ended

Do you think the United States loaning money, increasing trade and investing in South American businesses influenced Peron's and Pinochet's government take overs? If so, how? If not, why not?