ESP April, 4

Revision

By Evgeniy Kalashnikov

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For instance, when structuralists ​

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the senses, they try to break them down into elementary sensations. For ​

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, if a person puts his or her hand near a fire, the person would describe one of the elementary sensations as “​

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.” Structuralists believe that by comparing elementary sensations of different people, they can find ​

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data about the senses.

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consider

instance

heat

empirical

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One major criticism addresses the objectivity of the school. Structuralism relies heavily ​

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the process of ​

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. However, psychologists generally regard self-observation as a ​

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process. As a result, it cannot be a ​

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way to gather empirical evidence.

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on

introspection

subjective

reliable

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Functionalists believe that every psychological process serves a specific ​

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. According ​

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them, these functions are useful in a person's environment, and help people ​

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. In this way, the approach to psychology is ​

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theories about ​

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and natural selection.

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function

to

survive

related to

evolution

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As functionalists are mainly ​

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in the purposes of psychological processes, they only consider the ones with ​

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effects. This ​

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out all of the psychological processes that do not have observable effects. In other words, it completely disregards ​

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thought processes.

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interested

observable

leaves

passive

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Behaviorists believe that it is possible to measure, train, and ​

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behaviors. They also believe that behaviors are only caused by ​

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in the environment. According to behaviorists, ​

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factors such as thoughts or physiological events do not ​

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the behaviors of people or animals.

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change

stimuli

internal

affect

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According to behaviorism, there is operant conditioning and classical conditioning. ​

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conditioning is a form of learning that involves seeking ​

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and ​

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punishments. ​

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conditioning involves linking two ​

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, so a person or animal will learn to have the same response to one as the other.

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Operant

Classical

rewards

avoiding

stimuli

(Occupation) (psychology) use their understanding of how people behave at work, to improve (product), job satisfaction and effectivity within an (organise).

Occupational psychologists use their understanding of how people behave at work, to improve productivity, job satisfaction and effectivity within an organisation.

Occupational psychology in practice

Multiple Select

LISTENING PART 1. Question 1.

• occupational psychology

• personality testing

• researching an institutional problem

• stress

Labelling

LISTENING PART 1. Question 3.

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Project - women in senior positions

counsellor

Occupational psychologist roles

Dropdown

1. ​ ​

Select answer

is consistent pattern of individual behaviour.

2. ​ ​

Select answer

is behaviour which is institutionalised and accepted by everyone who belongs to a group

Multiple Choice

Statement 1

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Statement 2

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Statement 3

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Statement 4

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Statement 5

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Statement 6

• TRUE

• FALSE