ELAR - Day 4

ELAR - Day 4

By Esmeralda Alejo

How Readers Identify Words

• Context Clues - surrounding words and/or pictures; the cloze procedure is a a reading comprehension activity where students fill in missing words in a passage using context clues

• Sight Words

• Phonics

• Structural Analysis - breaking down words into its affixes

Capable readers are able to use all four ways to ID words.

Morphemic Analysis

has to do with structural analysis; students use prefixes, suffixes, and root/base words to determine the meanings of words

A morpheme is a unit of meaning.

A bound morpheme is NOT a word on its own, it must be bound to a root word (ex: dis in disappear, or -s in dogs)

A free morpheme can stand on its own (ex: day and light in daylight which is a compound words, appear from appearances, any base/root words)

Consonants

Initial Consonant Sounds - single consonant at the beginning of a word
Final Consonant Sounds - at the end of a word
Consonant Blends - 2 or 3 consonants unseparated by vowels that blend together
- l-blends: bl, cl, pl
- r-blends: br, cr, dr, fr, tr,
- s-blends: st, sp, str, spr
Consonant Digraphs - consonant sounds that DO NOT blend but create a single sound such as ch (church), ng (ring), ph (phone), sh (shout), th (then), wh (when)

Vowels vowel sounds depend upon orthographic patterns, or letters that surround the vowel

1. Short Vowels - CVC (Consonant-vowel-consonant) always signals short vowels:
   ex: cap, sit, jet, cut, dog

2. Long Vowels - the vowel "says" its name when:
   - two vowels are together, the first one says its name:
   ex: ai, ie, ea, oa, ui
   
   - there's a VCe (vowel-consonant-silent e) pattern - the e at the end makes the vowel say its name; also known as magic "e"
   ex: name, pete, kite, flute
   
   

Vowels

3. R-Controlled Vowels
   - vowel appears as a CVC pattern but its not a short vowel bc the r changes the sound of the vowel
   ex: car, fern, stern corn, turn

4. Vowel Digraphs
   - two vowels together come together to create a new sound that is neither long, short, or r-controlled
   ex: au (haul), aw (saw), oo (look)

5. Diphtongs
   - entail the slurring or two-letter vowel combinations and are a special case of digraphs
   ex: oy (boy), oi (boil), ou (house)
   

Syllables

A syllable is a unit containing one vowel sound or a vowel with one or more consonants that may form a complete word or be part of a word

Open Syllables - has vowel at the end of the syllable, vowel makes a long sound
- so, me (single words that are also open syllables)
- ho-tel, me-te-or

Closed Syllables - occurs when a vowel is "closed" or "locked in" by a consonant
- bag
-bag-gage

Multiple Choice

The teacher observes that a group of students can read one-syllable words but have difficulty reading the following words even when using context clues: carpet, partner, tardy. What type of instruction is needed?

• The teacher should help the student know how to break a word into syllables and start with r-controlled vowel syllables.

• The teacher should develop flashcards for the words the student does not know.

• The teacher should ask the students to draw pictures to help them remember the word.

• The teacher should ignore the miscue to motivate rather than discourage the student.

Multiple Choice

To help students identify an unknown word, the teacher reads a sentence and guides students to think about words that would make sense in place of the unfamiliar word. Which of the following best describes this strategy?

• Analyzing how authors use foreshadowing

• Analyzing how to use visualization

• Analyzing how to use cause and effect

• Analyzing how to use context clues and phonics

Multiple Choice

Identify the statement that best describes the language concept of syntax.

• The study of meaning in a language

• The rules for the combination of words and phrases to express complete ideas

• The letter-sound correspondence of the language

• The phonemes of the language and how they can be combined to create spoken language

Multiple Choice

Which of the following accurately describes morphemes?

• "Morpheme" is another term for "prefix."

• A morpheme is a unit of meaning that can stand alone or be part of a word to convey meaning.

• "Morpheme" is another term for "word."

• "Morpheme" is another term for "prefix."

Multiple Choice

Which of the following words contains an example of an open syllable?

• Baby

• Sitting

• Better

• Renting

Multiple Choice

A teacher presents the word destruction. The teacher points out to the students that struct, a Latin root, means "to build." The teacher adds that de- is a common prefix that means "opposite." The teacher also points out how construct and restructure are related.
Which of the following best explains why this instruction would help students?

• The teacher is helping the students gain in applying phonics for word identification.

• The teacher is helping students gain in phonemic awareness.

• Morphemic analysis can help students learn about word structure and meaning.

• Using knowledge of syntax can help students identify words.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following words is irregular in spelling? Irregular spelling refers to words where the pronunciation doesn't align with the expected letter-sound correspondences, often defying the typical phonetic rules.

• Stay

• Have

• Wait

• Name

Multiple Choice

Which of the following words contains an open syllable?

• Begin

• Running

• Wishing

• Finish

Multiple Choice

A teacher presented the following pair of sentences and read each to his students:

The object of the game is to score more points than your opponent.
The people did not object to the change in the delivery date.

• How to use a word in more than one sentence to provide more than one example

• How derivatives can be used to find meaning

• That some words can be spelled the same but pronounced differently, depending on whether they are used as nouns or verbs

• That reading a word twice makes students more apt to remember how to recognize it

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes affixes?

• Another name for suffixes

• Another name for prefixes

• Root or base words

• Prefixes and suffixes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the cloze procedure?

• Encourages students to recognize the purpose of headings

• Helps students examine the structure of expository texts

• Helps students examine the structure of a story through a graphic organizer

• Has students fill in deleted words by using context clues