Unit 1 and 2 review

Civil war and Reconstruction

By Christopher Mcpherson

Civil war & reconstruction

Understand the causes, course & consequences of the Civil War and Reconstruction and its effects on the American people.

Identify the factors and events that led to the Civil War

Describe the course of the Civil War

Understand how Reconstruction affected Americans after the Civil War

​Missouri Compromise

•Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Declared that all territory north of 36°30" would become free states, and all territory south of that latitude would become slave states.

•On March 3, 1845, Florida joined the Union as a slave state, while Iowa became a free state

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the significance of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 in the context of American history?

• The Missouri Compromise established a precedent for the federal government to impose tariffs on Southern states to protect Northern industries.

• The Missouri Compromise encouraged the expansion of the railroad system in the South, leading to increased economic cooperation between Northern and Southern states

• The Missouri Compromise was a legislative act that abolished slavery in all territories west of the Mississippi River, setting the stage for a united nation.

• The Missouri Compromise temporarily resolved the conflict over the spread of slavery by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while also establishing a boundary for slavery in the Louisiana Territory.

Compromise of 1850

•Admitted California as a free state

•Organized Utah and N.M. without restrictions on slavery

•Adjusted the Texas/N.M. border

•Abolished slave trade in D.C.

•Established tougher fugitive slave laws.

•Its passage was hailed as a solution to the threat of national division. 

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

This act repealed the Missouri Compromise. Popular sovereignty (vote of the people) would determine whether Kansas and Nebraska would be slave or free states.

Bleeding Kansas

Name given to the Kansas Territory in the years before the Civil War, when the territory was a battleground between proslavery and anti-slavery forces.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 and the violent conflicts known as "Bleeding Kansas"?

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed for the immediate abolition of slavery in the territories, leading to peaceful negotiations between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions.

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act unified the Northern and Southern states by promoting economic development, popular sovereignty, and infrastructure projects, which reduced tensions in Kansas.

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act introduced the concept of popular sovereignty, allowing residents to decide through popular sovereignty, which resulted in violent confrontations between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in Kansas

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed to strengthen the Southern economy, ultimately causing the North to support pro-slavery factions during the Bleeding Kansas conflict.

​Uncle Tom’s Cabin

•A best-selling novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852, that portrayed slavery as a great moral evil and helped to grow the Abolitionist Movement in America.

Reconstruction Plans

•“Radical Republicans” passed the Wade-Davis Bill. Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill.

•Established Freedmen’s Bureau and passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

​•Congressional Plan

•Lincoln offered the “Ten Percent Plan.”

•Johnson’s plan was similar to Lincoln’s, but required wealthy planters to request pardons and did not support voting rights for African-Americans.

•Presidential Plans

Civil War Amendments

•13th - Freed all slaves, abolished slavery.

•14th - It granted full citizenship to all native-born or naturalized Americans, including former slaves and immigrants. No state shall deny a person life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

15th - No one could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color or having been a slave. It was to prevent states from amending their constitutions to deny black suffrage

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements accurately describes the significance of the Civil War Amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments) in American history?

• The 13th Amendment abolished slavery, the 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law, and the 15th Amendment prohibited denying the right to vote, thereby aiming to secure civil rights for African Americans.

• The Civil War Amendments were primarily designed to grant voting rights to women and promote gender equality in the workplace.

• The Civil War Amendments abolished the military draft in the United States.
• The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were created to promote economic growth in the Southern states by facilitating the re-establishment of plantation agriculture.

​Freedman’s Bureau

The federal government agency was established in 1865 to aid nearly 4 million emancipated slaves as they transitioned to freedom.

•Schools for education

•Medical care

•Marriage Certificates

​Compromise of 1877

•In the Elction of 1877- Rutherford B Hayes vs Tilden.
Tilden won the popular vote and had more electoral votes, but was one short of the majority needed. Everyone agreed to let win-

• 20 electoral votes from four states were in dispute.

• A special electoral commission awarded all 20 disputed votes to Hayes, making him president.

• In exchange, Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the implications of the Compromise of 1877 for Reconstruction and the Southern states?

• The Compromise of 1877 resulted in the establishment of new civil rights laws in the South.
• The Compromise of 1877 led to increased federal support for Southern Reconstruction efforts.
• The Compromise of 1877 strengthened the rights of African Americans in the South.
• The Compromise of 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction and led to the disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South.

Southerners who cooperated with Republican and viewed as traitors.

​Scalawags

Northerners who moved to the South after the American Civil War, especially ones who went South to gain political influence or personal wealth

Carpetbaggers

Reconstruction derogatory names

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes between carpetbaggers and scalawags during the Reconstruction era?

• Carpetbaggers were Northern newcomers; scalawags were Southern supporters of Reconstruction.
• Carpetbaggers were Southern supporters of the Confederacy; scalawags were Northern abolitionists.
• Carpetbaggers were Southern landowners; scalawags were Northern politicians against Reconstruction.
• Carpetbaggers were Southern rebels; scalawags were Northern critics of Reconstruction.

Multiple Choice

He was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate. He was the Republican Senator from Mississippi.

• Barack Obama
• Frederick Douglass
• Hiram Revels
• Colin Powell

Debt Peonage

•A system that forced a worker into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer

•It went against the 13th Amendment

•It was also used by the courts to have an African American pay off any fines

•If they could not pay, they were forced to work for an employer who would then pay the local courts to support the cost of the jail system

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the effects of sharecropping and debt peonage on Southern society after the Civil War?

• They entrenched economic dependency and poverty among African Americans and poor whites.
• They promoted economic independence among African Americans.
• They eliminated poverty in Southern society.
• They encouraged industrial growth in the South.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best distinguishes between Black Codes and Jim Crow laws in the context of racial segregation and discrimination in the United States?

• Black Codes focused on limiting the rights of freed slaves, while Jim Crow laws enforced widespread racial segregation.
• Jim Crow laws were primarily focused on economic opportunities for Black individuals.
• Black Codes were laws that promoted civil rights for African Americans.
• Black Codes and Jim Crow laws were both enacted to support integration of races.

Homestead Act

–Offered 160 Acres of land after farming for five years

–Encouraged westward settlement

Dawes Act

–A law passed in 1887 that divided reservation land into family plots.

–It attempted to take away traditional Indian culture and assimilate into white society.

​Manifest Destiny

It is Americas God-Given right to add an settle lands from the Atlantic to the pacific oceans

​Causes of Westward Expansion

-1848-49 Gold Rush
-Manifest Destiny
-End of the Civil War -The end of the Civil War left the South without much of its resources

vThe South relied on the West to provide much of its food supply after the war

•Many freed slaves moved out west in hope of a new life

vFarmed the land

vWorked as cowboys

•Civil War veterans went to work on railroads or hunt buffalo
-Transcontinental Railroad

​The Railroad’s Impact

•Transportation of people and goods was quicker and cheaper

•New era of interstate trade and commerce

v1865 – it cost $3.45 to ship a barrel of flour from NY to Chicago

v1890 it costs .68 cents

•New jobs – Irish/Chinese

•Westward Expansion – Safer/Quicker/Cheaper
Big impact on the Native Americans' lives!

Multiple Choice

“We have been taught to hunt and live on the game. You tell us that we must learn to farm, live in one house, and take on your ways. Suppose the people living beyond the great sea should come and tell you that you must stop farming, and kill your cattle and take your houses and lands, what would you do? Would you not fight them?” --Gall, a Hunkpapa Sioux Indian, quoted in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee

What was Gall’s view of future relations between the Plains Indians and the settlers?

• Gall thought the settlers would easily integrate with the Plains Indians.
• Gall believed the Plains Indians would adopt farming without resistance.
• Gall expected peaceful coexistence between the settlers and the Plains Indians.
• Gall believed future relations would be conflictual, as the Plains Indians would resist losing their culture and land.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best captures the significance of the Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 in the context of U.S. relations with Native American tribes?

• The Sand Creek Massacre involved the brutal killing of over 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho people by U.S. Army soldiers.

• The Sand Creek Massacre highlighted the U.S. government’s commitment to peacefully resolving conflicts with Native American tribes, resulting in increased support for Native American rights.

• The Sand Creek Massacre was a minor skirmish that had little impact on U.S. policy towards Native Americans, as it occurred during a time of significant military focus on the Civil War.

• It highlighted the peaceful negotiations between the U.S. government and Native American tribes.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876?

• The battle had no significant impact on U.S. policies towards Native Americans.
• It was primarily a conflict between rival Native American tribes.
• was a major defeat for U.S. Army forces against a coalition of Native American tribes, which galvanized public support for the U.S. government's aggressive policies toward Native Americans

• The Battle of Little Bighorn was a decisive victory for U.S. forces, leading to the quick subjugation of Native American tribes in the Great Plains.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains the factors that contributed to the closing of the open range in the late 19th century?

• The rise of urban centers in the East created a demand for cattle that could only be met through traditional open-range practices, leading to the expansion of the open range rather than its closure

• The discovery of gold and silver in the West.
• The implementation of federal land grants for railroads.
• The introduction of barbed wire, overgrazing, and the expansion of farming created conflicts between ranchers and farmers, leading to the enclosure of lands and the decline of open-range cattle ranching.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the Exodusters

• The Exodusters were African Americans who migrated from the Southern United States to Kansas and other western territories in search of land and opportunities for a better life, escaping racial violence and oppression.

• The Exodusters were primarily former enslaved individuals who migrated to northern cities seeking industrial jobs and better living conditions during the Great Migration.

• The Exodusters were predominantly white settlers who moved West to establish homesteads under the Homestead Act, contributing to the expansion of American agriculture.

• The Exodusters were primarily focused on land ownership in the South.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the Grange Movement and the Farmers' Alliance in the late 19th century?

• The Farmers' Alliance rejected the ideas of the Grange Movement.
• The Grange Movement was a response to the Farmers' Alliance's policies.
• Both movements were primarily focused on urban labor issues.
• The Farmers' Alliance evolved from the Grange Movement, both seeking to improve conditions for farmers.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best captures the essence of populism as it emerged among farmers during the western expansion period in the late 19th century?

• Populism was a movement aimed at promoting agricultural exports to foreign markets, emphasizing the importance of international trade over domestic policies. introducing the refrigerated box car on railroads to help transport food longer distances

• Populism focused on promoting industrialization over agricultural interests.
• Populism focused primarily on enhancing the political power of Southern landowners and preserving the status quo, viewing farmers as a secondary concern.

• Populism emerged as a political movement advocating for the rights of farmers, emphasizing issues such as the regulation of railroads, the introduction of the graduated income tax, and the free coinage of silver to increase the money supply..

Multiple Choice

What was the primary outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sandford Supreme Court decision in 1857,

• The Supreme Court declared that slavery was unconstitutional.
• The decision ruled that enslaved individuals could be considered U.S. citizens, thereby granting them the right to sue in federal court.

• The decision allowed African Americans to sue in federal court.
• The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and could not sue in federal court.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the circumstances and implications of Jefferson Davis's imprisonment following the Civil War?

• Davis was imprisoned under harsh conditions for his role in leading the Confederate Army, but his imprisonment was largely ignored by the public

• Davis was captured and imprisoned for two years, during which his treatment became a symbol of the South's grievances,

• Davis was released immediately after the war without any consequences.
• Jefferson Davis was celebrated as a hero during his imprisonment.

Multiple Choice

What is the Name of the class you are taking?

• U.S. History 1877 to present

• World History 1877-Present

• Minecraft Chicken Jockey!

• I have class?