ecosystem SMP

ECOSYSTEM

By BUDI SUCIPTO

1. Organism, A single individual living thing (e.g., one deer, one tree, one fish)

2. Population, A group of the same species living in the same area (e.g., a herd of deer in a forest).

3. Community, All the different populations (species) living and interacting in one area (e.g., deer, trees, birds, and insects in the same forest).

4. Ecosystem, A community plus its non-living (abiotic) environment (e.g., forest community + soil, sunlight, and rainfall).

5. Biome, A large area with similar climate, plants, and animals (e.g., tropical rainforest, desert, tundra).

6. Biosphere, The global sum of all ecosystems; the part of Earth where life exists (land, water, and atmosphere).

hierarchy of ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (like plants, animals, and microorganisms) that interact with each other and with their non-living environment (such as air, water, and soil) in a specific area. These interactions create a system where each component depends on and affects the others.
So,
ECOSYSTEM = Living things + Non-living things + Interactions

​ECOSYSTEM

Multiple Choice

What is an ecosystem?

• An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system.
• A collection of plants in a garden.
• A group of the same species living together

• an Interaction only beetwen plants and water in an area

Reorder

Arrange the ecosystem hierarchy from smallest to largest..

• organism

• population

• community

• ecosystem

• biome

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?

• soil

• Water
• bacteria

• Air

Multiple Choice

Why is sunlight important to an ecosystem?

• Sunlight is important because it drives photosynthesis, supports food chains, and influences climate.
• Sunlight is primarily responsible for soil erosion.
• Sunlight causes pollution in ecosystems.
• Sunlight has no effect on plant growth.

Multiple Choice

Seorang petani berencana membersihkan semua jenis tumbuhan liar di sekitar sawahnya agar tanaman padinya tumbuh lebih optimal. Sebagai siswa yang memahami keseimbangan ekosistem, apa saran terbaik yang dapat kamu berikan?

• Gunakan pestisida secara berlebihan untuk membunuh semua tumbuhan.
• Lakukan pengendalian tumbuhan liar secara selektif dan terencana.
• Bersihkan semua tumbuhan liar tanpa pengecualian.
• Biarkan tumbuhan liar tumbuh tanpa pengendalian sama sekali.

Multiple Choice

which picture is a community

Multiple Choice

Compare a desert ecosystem and a rainforest ecosystem. What is the main difference?

• The main difference is the amount of rainfall and biodiversity.
• The main difference is the altitude and wind patterns.
• The main difference is the presence of large mammals.
• The main difference is the temperature and soil type.

• A food chain is a linear sequence that shows how energy moves from one organism to another as one eats the other.

• A food web is a network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. It shows how multiple food chains overlap, because most organisms eat more than one type of food.

FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB

​PREDATION

One organism (predator) hunts and eats another organism (prey).
🦅 Eagle eats 🐍 snake

FORMS OF INTERACTION IN THE ECOSYSTEM

​COMPETITION

Organisms compete for the same resources (like food, water, space, or mates).
🌿 Trees compete for sunlight in a dense forest.

​SYMBIOSIS

Mutualism (Win-Win)

Both organisms benefit from the interaction.
🐝 Bee gets nectar from a 🌸 flower, and the flower gets pollinated.
Commensalism (Win-Okay)

One organism benefits, the other is not affected.
🕊️ Bird builds a nest on a 🌳 tree — the tree is not harmed or helped.
Parasitism (Win-Lose)

One organism (parasite) benefits, the other (host) is harmed.
🪱 Tapeworm inside a human — the worm gets food, the human loses nutrients.

type of interaction between organisms where one organism produces substances that harm or inhibit the growth of another. It is commonly found in microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria.

​ANTIBIOSIS

Multiple Choice

Apa yang akan terjadi jika jumlah konsumen primer pada ekosistem bertambah banyak?

• Ekosistem menjadi stabil

• Konsumen sekunder menghilang

• Produsen berkurang

• Dekomposer bertambah

Multiple Choice

Perhatikan jaring-jaring makanan berikut ini. berdasarkan jaring-jaring makanan tersebut. berapakah rantai makanan yang dapat terbentuk?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Multiple Choice

Perhatikan jaring-jaring makanan berikut ini. Pilih 2 jawaban yang benar. bentuk interaksi kompetisi yang tepat adalah

• deer and snake

• mouse and grasshopper

• mouse and frog

• deer and mouse

Multiple Choice

Perhatikan jaring-jaring makanan berikut ini. jika katak banyak diburu oleh manusia, kemungkinan hal yang paling tepat terjadi adalah

• tikus bertambah banyak karena tidak memiliki saingan dalam makanan

• belalang meningkat pesat, tanaman akan rusak

• jumlah elang meningkat karena tikus sumber makanan yang banyak

• jumlah ular meningkat

Multiple Choice

Analyze this food chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle
If frogs were removed, what would likely happen to the snake population?

• The snake population would remain the same.
• The snake population would likely increase.
• The snake population would likely decrease.
• The snake population would become extinct.

Multiple Choice

Jika populasi lebah dalam suatu ekosistem menurun drastis, maka dampak yang paling mungkin terjadi terhadap populasi bunga adalah...

• Populasi bunga akan berubah menjadi spesies lain.
• Populasi bunga tidak terpengaruh sama sekali karena penyerbukan tidak hanya bergantung pada lebah

• Populasi bunga akan meningkat pesat.
• Populasi bunga kemungkinan akan menurun.

Multiple Choice

Dalam suatu observasi, ditemukan bahwa burung jalak sering hinggap di punggung kerbau untuk memakan kutu. Namun, burung jalak kadang juga mematuk luka di tubuh kerbau. Hubungan simbiosis yang tepat jika perilaku burung jalak ini berlangsung terus-menerus adalah...

• Parasitisme
• Predasi
• Mutualisme
• Komensalisme

Multiple Choice

Observe the following pairs of living organisms!

1. Bee and flower

2. Orchid and trees

3. Clownfish and sea anemone

4. Starling bird and buffalo

Which of the pairs shows a different type of symbiotic relationship compared to the others?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

gambaran visual tentang aliran energi dan jumlah organisme pada setiap tingkat trofik dalam suatu ekosistem. Piramida ini membantu kita memahami siapa makan siapa dan bagaimana energi berkurang di setiap tingkatnya. Piramida makanan ada 3 macam yakni piramida jumlah, piramida biomassa dan piramida energi

​Piramida Makanan (Food Pyramid)

Multiple Choice

See this picture. Which organism has the highest energy level in the energy pyramid?

• grasshooper

• Plant

• snake

• Fox

Multiple Choice

Dalam piramida biomassa, tingkat trofik manakah yang biasanya memiliki biomassa terkecil?

• Tingkat konsumen puncak
• Tingkat detritivora
• Tingkat herbivora
• Tingkat produsen

Multiple Choice

See this picture. If the total biomass of grass/ trees in an ecosystem is 1000 kg, what is the possible biomass of primary consumers?

• 200 kg
• 100 kg
• 50 kg
• 500 kg

Multiple Choice

If the population of primary consumers drops drastically, what is the most likely effect?

• The ecosystem will remain unaffected.
• The population of secondary consumers is likely to decline.
• Secondary consumers will thrive and reproduce more.
• The population of primary consumers will increase.

Multiple Choice

Jika konsumen sekunder dalam suatu ekosistem bertambah secara drastis, kemungkinan yang terjadi pada populasi konsumen primer adalah...

• Populasi konsumen primer akan meningkat.
• Populasi konsumen primer tetap stabil.
• Populasi konsumen primer kemungkinan akan menurun.
• Populasi konsumen primer akan punah.