Chapter 4 Study Guide

Chapter 4 Study Guide

By Kyla Cymone

Match

Match the following word roots to their definitions.

• one carbon

• two carbon

• two

• three

• same

Meth-

Eth-

Di-

Tri-

Iso-

• Meth-

• Eth-

• Di-

• Tri-

• Iso-

Match

Match the following word roots to their definitions.

• alcohol group

• same side

• Across/opposite sides

-ol

Cis

Trans-

• -ol

• Cis

• Trans-

Math Response

A hydrocarbon is 20 carbons long. How many hydrogens does it have?

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 42

Deg^°

Rad

Math Response

A hydrocarbon contains 16 hydrogen. How many carbons does it have?

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 7

Deg^°

Rad

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements explain why carbon is an essential element for life?

• Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a variety of stable and complex molecules.

• Carbon atoms can bond with each other to form long chains and rings.

• Carbon is the most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere.

• Carbon can only form single and triple bonds, limiting molecular diversity.

Multiple Choice

Who was Stanley Miller, and why is he significant in the study of life's origins?

• A chemist who discovered DNA structure

• A biologist who proved spontaneous generation

• A scientist who simulated early Earth conditions and produced organic molecules

• A geologist who discovered fossilized microbes

Dropdown

Stanley Miller's experiment showed that ​

Select answer

molecules, such as amino acids, could be synthesized ​

Select answer

under early Earth conditions.

Drag and Drop

Every bond in a molecule represents ​

Placeholder

electrons.

A stable atom has​

Placeholder

electrons on its valence shell.

Polar is to ​

Placeholder

, as nonpolar is to ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

2

8

hydrophilic

hydrophobic

6

12

3

9

isophilic

isophobic

Discussion time!

Answer the questions with your group!

• Why is carbon dioxide not considered organic, despite containing carbon?

• What organisms used inorganic carbon for survival?

Answers

Carbon dioxide is not considered an organic compound because organic compounds consist of carbon AND hydrogen. Carbon dioxide has no hydrogen atoms, and therefore, does not fit this definition.

Organisms called "autotrophs" use inorganic carbon to synthesize organic carbon that they use to create nutrients for themselves. In grade school, you likely learned about producers, autotrophs and producers are the same thing.

Multiple Select

Hydrocarbons are made up of what 2 molecules?

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Water

• Hydrogen

• Nitrogen

Multiple Choice

Which type of macromolecule contains the most hydrocarbons?

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates

• Protein

• None of the above

Multiple Select

Which of the following are organic materials rich in hydrocarbons?

• Fats and oils

• Gasoline

• Starch

• Waxes

• Butters

Drag and Drop

Hydrocarbons are ​

Placeholder

because their carbon-hydrogen bonds share electrons ​

Placeholder

.

They are also ​

Placeholder

for this reason.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

nonpolar

equally

hydrophobic

polar

unequally

hydrophillic

Match

Think about this: What is the reason behind carbon skeletons varying?

Match the 4 types of carbon skeleton arrangement below.

Length

Double Bond Position

Branching

Presence of rings

• Length

• Double Bond Position

• Branching

• Presence of rings

Reference question 7 above on your packet. There are 2 pairs of isomers. Circle them in red. What type of isomers are they?

Draw this:

What are isomers? There are 3 kinds. Briefly describe each.

What type of isomer is shown in question 8?

Discuss this:

Grab a whiteboard!

Do this:

a.        Structural | C₂H₄
b.        Cis-Trans | Trans: C₂H₂Cl₂

Match

Match the following isomers to their descriptions.

• Varies upon a double bond

• Varies in arrangement of carbon skeleto

• Mirror Images of one another

Cis-Trans Isomer

Structural Isomer

Enantiomers

• Cis-Trans Isomer

• Structural Isomer

• Enantiomers

Categorize

Options (16)

Organize the images into their appropriate isomer category.

Cis-Trans Isomer

Structural Isomer

Enantiomers

None

Try this!

Complete page 3 on your study guide.

Match

Match the following functional groups to their molecular formula.

• – SH

• – OH

• – NH₂

• – PO₄

• – CH₄

Sulfhydryl

Hydroxyl

Amino

Phosphate

Methyl-

• Sulfhydryl

• Hydroxyl

• Amino

• Phosphate

• Methyl-

Match

Match the following functional groups to their molecular formula.

• – CO

• – OH

• – COOH

• – NH₂

• – CH₄

Carbonyl

Hydroxyl

Carboxyl

Amino

Methyl-

• Carbonyl

• Hydroxyl

• Carboxyl

• Amino

• Methyl-

Open Ended

What is ATP? Why is it important? How does ATP relate to ADP? What is P_i?

Poll

What type of macromolecule is ATP?

• Carbohydrate

• Nucleic Acid

• Protein

• Lipid

Identify this!

Complete question 11 on your study guide.

Be sure to circle and identify all of the functional groups you find!