Unit 2 Test Remediation

​Unit 2 Test Corrections
TEKS: 5A-Biomolecules, 11B-Enzymes, 5C-Cell Transport

By Kaylan Vicha

Question 1

​The following was a question on your test. Read over it and complete the next few slides.

One way in which genetically modified mice are developed is by injecting the gene sequencing for green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a mouse embryo at a very early stage of development. The injection typically contains genetic material and a biomolecule that catalyzes the reaction.

The biomolecule responsible for the development of these genetically modified mice are_________________ and______________.

Multiple Select

One way in which genetically modified mice are developed is by injecting the gene sequencing for green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a mouse embryo at a very early stage of development. The injection typically contains genetic material and a biomolecule that catalyzes the reaction.

Based off the question what are the two key words to help you identify what biomolecules are being used? (Select 2)

• Injection

• Genetic Material

• Embryo

• Catalyzes

Multiple Choice

What type of biomolecule is responsible for catalyzing (speeding up) chemical reactions?

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

What biomolecule carries genetic information and determines our traits?

• Nucleic Acids

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Select

Based off the previous two questions what information would fill in the blanks of the following statement? (select 2)

The biomolecule responsible for the development of these genetically modified mice are_________________ and______________.

• Proteins as they catalyze reactions

• Lipids as they are responsible for carrying genetic material

• Carbohydrates as they are responsible for carrying genrtic material

• Nucleic Acids as they are responsible for carrying genetic material

Question 2

​The following was a question on your test. Read over it and complete the next few slides.

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference between proteins and polysaccharides?

Multiple Select

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference between proteins and polysaccharides.

Based off the question identify the two biomolecules being mentioned? (select 2)

• Proteins

• Polymers

• Polysaccharides

• Synthesis

Multiple Choice

What are the monomers of proteins?

• Amino Acids

• Monosaccharides

• Nucleotides

• Fatty Acids

Multiple Choice

What substance is composed of proteins that speeds up chemical reactions?

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Enzymes

• Phospholipids

Multiple Choice

What biomolecule is composed of polysaccharides polymers?

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

After answering the previous questions, which statement correctly identifies a difference between proteins and polysaccharides?

• Only polysaccharides are composed of repeating units of cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine.

• Only proteins are formed from amino acids and are used to facilitate chemical reactions within the cell.

• Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes that are used to build muscle within the organism. 

• Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits

Question 3

​The following was a question on your test. Read over it and complete the next few slides.

Alzheimers is a highly studied memory loss disease with an unknown cause. One hypothesis is that people who get diagnosed with Alzheimers had high amounts of sugar and fats in their diet. These substances form a plaque on the cell membrane of nerve cells that prevent cells from communicating or exchanging substances with each other. The nerve cell then dies which causes memory loss in the patient. Based on this explanation, answer the following questions.

 

1. What cell structure is being impacted in the cells of people with Alzheimers?

2. In patients with Alzheimers, what two biomolecules (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid) were consumed too much over their lifetime?

Multiple Select

Alzheimers is a highly studied memory loss disease with an unknown cause. One hypothesis is that people who get diagnosed with Alzheimers had high amounts of sugar and fats in their diet. These substances form a plaque on the cell membrane of nerve cells that prevent cells from communicating or exchanging substances with each other. The nerve cell then dies which causes memory loss in the patient. Based on this explanation, answer the following questions.

 What are the 2 food items that were found in high amounts of Alzheimers patients? (select 2)

• Nucleotides

• Water

• Fats

• Chicken

• Sugars

Multiple Select

Test question: In patients with Alzheimers, what two biomolecules (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid) were consumed too much over their lifetime?.

Correction Question: What biomolecules are composed of sugars and fats? Select the two answer choices that correctly pair the food with the biomolecule.

• Carbohydrates= Sugars

• Proteins= Fats

• Lipids= Fats

• Nucleic Acids= Sugars

Multiple Choice

Test Text: Alzheimers is a highly studied memory loss disease with an unknown cause. One hypothesis is that people who get diagnosed with Alzheimers had high amounts of sugar and fats in their diet. These substances form a plaque on the cell membrane of nerve cells that prevent cells from communicating or exchanging substances with each other. The nerve cell then dies which causes memory loss in the patient.

What cell structure (organelle) is being affected on the neve cells of patients?

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

The following was a question on your test. Read over it and complete the next few slides.

Actin is a protein that helps the cell maintain its shape and polarity. It also plays a major role in muscle contraction. A table summarizing the cellular functions of different types of proteins is shown.

Based on this information, actin is most likely —

​Question 4

Multiple Select

Actin is a protein that helps the cell maintain its shape and polarity. It also plays a major role in muscle contraction.

Based on the information in the question what key terms can help identify the function of actin and what part of the body it interacts with?

• Muscles

• Polarity

• Actin

• Maintain Shape

Multiple Choice

What are muscles used for?

• Chemical Reactions

• Movement

• Cell Transport

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Based off the information in the previous questions, what type of protein helps maintain shape and aids in movement?

• Enzyme Proteins

• Transport Protein

• Messenger protein

• Structural Protein

Question 5

The following was a question on your test. Read over it and complete the next few slides.

Fireflies emit light. The production of light by an organism is called bioluminescence. To generate visible light, cells in a firefly’s tail produce thousands of luciferase enzymes. Luciferase binds to a chemical called luciferin. Once bound, the luciferase enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction that combines an oxygen molecule and luciferin to produce oxyluciferin. This reaction requires energy and releases light.

 

Which of the following best describes how the luciferase enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction?

Multiple Select

Think about the main focuses of enzymes in this unit, which of the following statements are true? (select all that apply)

• Enzymes are reusable

• Enzymes speed up chemical reaction by decreasing the activation energy

• Enzymes are made of proteins

• Enzymes break apart or put together substrates

Multiple Choice

Based off the information on the previous slide, which of the following best describes how the luciferase enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction?

• Luciferase increases the number of sites on luciferin that must bind to oxygen.

  
  

• Luciferase increases the amount of time the light is visible.

• Luciferase decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body of the firefly.

• Luciferase decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start.

Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids.

Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme’s function?

​

​Question 6

Multiple Choice

What example did we use in class to represent enzymes?

• CHARMING

• Lock & Key

• AAA

Multiple Choice

What statement best matches the lock and key analogy for enzymes?

• Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.

• Enzymes can operate in a wide range of conditions

• Enzymes are specific to a substrate

• Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules. 

Question 7

The following was a question on your test. Read over it and complete the next few slides.

Many hand sanitizers contain high concentrations of alcohol (e.g., ethanol or isopropanol). Alcohol denatures the structure of lipids and proteins, including enzymes. How could the denaturing of the enzyme affect the rate (speed) of essential cellular reactions?

Multiple Choice

What does it mean when an enzyme is denatured?

• The enzyme breaks down other enzymes

• The enzyme does not work.

• The enzyme breaks down all types of substrates

Multiple Select

Think about the main focuses of enzymes in this unit, which of the following statements are true? (select all that apply)

• Enzymes are reusable

• Enzymes speed up chemical reaction by decreasing the activation energy

• Enzymes are made of proteins

• Enzymes break apart or put together substrates

Multiple Choice

Using the information from the last two slides, how could the denaturing of the enzyme affect the rate (speed) of essential cellular reactions?

• The speed of the reaction slows down because the enzyme is not working

• The speed of the reaction stays the same

• The speed of the reaction increases even more

Question 8

The following was a question on your test. Read over it and complete the next few slides.

Organelles within cells can have their own membranes that regulate what enters and exits the organelle. A vacuole is an example of an organelle that is surrounded by a membrane. What are the primary roles of the membrane of contractile vacuoles in paramecia (SELECT TWO)?

Multiple Select

Organelles within cells can have their own membranes that regulate what enters and exits the organelle. A vacuole is an example of an organelle that is surrounded by a membrane.

What is the are the key statements in the text above? (select 3)

• Organelles can have their own membranes

• A vacuole is an organelle that is surrounded by a membrane

• Example of an organelle

• Regulates what enters and exits the organelle

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the vacuole in any organism?

• Store genetic material

• Produce ATP

• Store water

• Produce glucose

Multiple Select

Based of the previous 2 slides and your knowledge of cell transport what two statements are true?

• To aid in locomotion for the organism

• To control the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

• To expel excess water and maintain balance

• To produce ATP in order for the paramecium to move and grow

​A diagram of removing glucose from the blood by a fat cell is shown.

Which statement best describes the role of insulin and glucose-transport proteins in this process?

Question 9

Multiple Choice

Think back to the cell membrane stations. The bubble station had you use a rubber band to make a _________ ________.

• mitochondria

• cell membrane

• protein channel

• lipid

Multiple Select

The cell membrane allows certain molecules to enter and exit the cell to maintain ________/ ________ with their environment. (select 2)

• stability

• enzymes

• homeostasis

• ATP

Multiple Choice

Using the information in the last two questions which statement best describes the role of insulin and glucose-transport proteins in this process?

• They help to maintain stable glucose levels both inside and outside the cell. 

• 
  The keep the plasma membrane flexible when glucose is removed from the blood. 

• They stimulate a response from white blood cells during glucose entry into the cell. 

• They utilize the excess energy the cell produces to create more glucose.