braug2025afpjournal

Board Review
august 2025 afp journal

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is preferred as initial treatment to improve symptoms of regurgitation in an infant? (check one)

• A. Remaining upright after feeding.

• B. Elevating the head of the crib.

• C. Food-thickening agent with xantham gum.

• D. Acid suppression with pharmacotherapy.

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following nutritional approaches is recommended for an infant born at 33 weeks' gestation who has achieved catch-up growth? (check one)

• A. The mother's own breast milk.

• B. Fortified breast milk.

• C. Nutrient-enriched formula.

• D. Commercially available liquid or powder fortifiers.

Multiple Choice

In which one of the following patients with hyperthyroidism would propylthiouracil be considered the best treatment option? (check one)

• A. A 25-year-old with thyroiditis.

• B. A 44-year-old with toxic adenoma.

• C. A 25-year-old with newly diagnosed Graves disease who is 9 weeks pregnant.

• D. A 44-year-old with compressive symptoms from a goiter.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following medications is recommended for a 75-year-old woman with heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% to 40%? (check one)

• A. Loop diuretic.

• B. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.

• C. Intravenous iron.

• D. Digoxin.

Multiple Choice

A 54-year-old woman with diabetic neuropathy presents with worsening pain. Her glycemic control is excellent, but her pain is progressing. Which one of the following is likely to provide the greatest benefit in alleviating her pain? (check one)

• A. Pregabalin.

• B. Oxcarbazepine.

• C. Lacosamide.

• D. Topiramate.

Multiple Choice

A 59-year-old patient with a history of gastric ulcers has significant hand pain from osteoarthritis (OA). The physical examination reveals tender Heberden nodes. Which one of the following drugs is most likely to improve pain with the fewest adverse effects? (check one)

• A. Diclofenac, a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

• B. Acetaminophen, an analgesic.

• C. Gabapentin, an antiepileptic drug.

• D. Naproxen, an oral NSAID.

Multiple Choice

A 28-year-old patient presents to establish care and states that her specific goal for the visit is to initiate a method of contraception. She is sexually active but has not had intercourse since the start of her menses 6 days ago. She has no other medical conditions or signs of pregnancy. Her body mass index is 34 kg/m². Which one of the following is appropriate for this patient? (check one)

• A. She requires a pregnancy test before initiating contraception.

• B. Same-day initiation of any contraceptive is an acceptable option.

• C. She should have a pelvic examination prior to receiving oral contraception.

• D. Her weight precludes the use of estrogen-containing contraceptives.

Multiple Choice

A 19-year-old woman with Fitzpatrick skin type VI who has seborrheic dermatitis on her face returns for follow-up. She has been applying hydrocortisone 2.5% cream for several weeks, which controlled the redness, itching, and scales near her eyebrows; however, she began noticing areas of hypopigmentation. Which one of the following medications is recommended for ongoing maintenance therapy for this patient? (check one)

• A. Triamcinolone 0.1% ointment.

• B. Roflumilast 0.3% foam.

• C. Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment.

• D. Low-dose oral isotretinoin.

Multiple Choice

A 32-year-old patient presents with an itchy, flaking scalp that has not improved despite using selenium sulfide shampoo almost daily for 1 month. On examination, you notice thick, yellow scales almost completely covering his scalp. Which one of the following treatments is best for helping with thick scaling? (check one)

• A. 2% ketoconazole shampoo.

• B. Fluocinolone acetonide solution.

• C. Oral terbinafine.

• D. Salicylic acid shampoo.

Multiple Choice

According to the American Burn Association (ABA), which one of the following is recommended for a patient with burns covering 30% of his total body surface area (TBSA)?

• Avoidance of albumin during resuscitation.

• Initial fluid resuscitation of 2 mL/kg per %TBSA over the first 24 hours.

• Early use of fresh frozen plasma during resuscitation.

• Use of transpulmonary thermodilution-derived variables to reduce total resuscitation fluid.

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following statements best describes the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia?

• Patients should be screened for iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia because there is convincing evidence that early detection results in improved maternal and fetal outcomes.

• Patients should not be screened for iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia, because sufficient evidence exists to suggest screening could result in maternal or fetal harm.

• Only patients with symptoms of iron deficiency should be screened, which allows for earlier treatment to reduce the risk of poor maternal or fetal outcomes.

• Physicians should use clinical judgment when deciding to screen patients.

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following statements about community water fluoridation is correct?

• It may result in a small reduction in tooth decay in children’s primary teeth, but its impact on permanent teeth remains unclear.

• It may slightly decrease the proportion of children with "decayed, missing, or filled" primary and permanent teeth.

• It continues to be endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Dental Association.

• All of the above.

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following statements about compression therapy for preventing the recurrence of venous leg ulcers is correct?

• Compression stockings can reduce the recurrence of venous leg ulcers.

• Higher-grade compression is more effective than lower-grade compression at reducing the recurrence of venous leg ulcers.

• The higher the grade of compression stocking, the more likely patients are to be noncompliant with therapy.

• All of the above.

Poll

How confident do you feel about this topic now?

• Very confident
• Somewhat confident
• Not confident