Quarter 1 Review

​Quarter 1 Exam Review

By Hugueline Beljean

What is Science?

Scientific Knowledge

​What Makes a Scientific Claim Credible?

Science is more about gaining knowledge than it is about simply having knowledge. Science is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic. In other words, science is a process, not just a body of facts. Scientists make claims that they must provided evidence to show their claims are true. Through the process of science, our knowledge of the world advances.

​Scientific Method

The scientific method is the process of proposing theories and rigorously testing them.

​

A tentative hypothesis becomes a theory only if the outcome of every single related experiment or observation, made by multiple researchers, agrees with the hypothesis.

Multiple Select

Identify all of the following that are strengths in science

• subject to constant testing and revision

• testable

• studies must be of physical, testable, and observable world

• explanations must have natural explanations of phenomena

• changes lead to increased understanding of the physical world

Multiple Choice

A broad and comprehensive statement of what is thought to be true; it is supported by much evidence and repeated experimentation.

• hypothesis
• theory
• guess
• fact

Multiple Choice

Repeatability means

• being able to try the same experiment, with the same setup, and produce that exact same result.

• being able to redo an experiment but finding different results

• never being able to reproduce the results of an experiment

Chemistry of Biology

​Properties of Water REVIEW

Multiple Choice

Water striders can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, but they do not break the surface. Why?

• The insects are light enough so they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
  
• The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water’s surface and they only skim it with their feet.
• The insect’s feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water’s surface.
• The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
  

Multiple Choice

What property of water allows for water to act as a temperature regulator for the world?

• Cohesive Behavior

• Expansion Upon Freezing

• High Specific Heat

• Universal Solvent

Multiple Choice

What property of water helps in stabilizing aquatic environment temperatures?

• Specific heat

• Surface tension

• Adhesion

• Cohesion

Multiple Choice

Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?

• purity

• polarity

• high heat capacity

• expansion upon freezing

​Macromolecules

~Biochemistry~​

​The FOUR Macromolecules

• ​Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Protein

• Nucleic Acids​

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule(s) have phosphorus?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

• Fats

Match

Match the following MONOMERS and MACROMOLECULES

Nucleic Acid

Protein

Lipid

Carbohydrate

• Nucleic Acid

• Protein

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

Enzymes

Biological Catalysts

Enzymes are Biological Catalysts

• They are proteins

• Catalysts speed up chemical reactions

• Structure = Function: Enzymes are specific to their Substrate (reactants). Active site of the enzymes fits together with the substrate(s)

• Different reactions require different enzymes

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions (Catalysts)

• Activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

• The less activation energy needed (smaller hill to climb) the faster the reaction will happen

• Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy

Denaturation = to lose shape

• Structure (shape) = function

• If enzymes lose their shape they no longer function correctly

• Lower enzyme function = slower reaction rates

• Factors that can affect shape & function of enzymes: Temperature, pH, salinity (ion concentration)

Multiple Choice

What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?

• reusable
• catalyst
• specific
• fragile

Multiple Choice

There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?

• Enzymes are destroyed after catalyzing a reaction.

• Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions.

• An enzyme binds only to a specific substrate.

• Enzymes are transported to a specific substrate.

Multiple Select

The word denatured means an enzymes looses its shape or function

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose  of an enzyme?

• give permission for the reaction
• raise activation energy
• speed up reactions
• control how many reactions occur

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?

• Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
• Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
• Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
• Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.

Multiple Choice

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

• The shape of the enzyme are changed and it denatures

• The enzymes die

• The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes

• The enzymes remain the same

Multiple Choice

What is the optimum temperature for this enzyme?

• 20 degrees Celsius

• 45 degrees Celsius

• 52 degrees Celsius

• 64 degrees Celsius

Multiple Choice

What is the optimum pH for the enzyme salivary amylase?

• 2

• 5

• 6.2

• 9.1

Module 3 Review
- Microscope
- Cells
- Cell Theory
- Cell Transport

Please be sure to study!

Multiple Choice

To observe a small, living organism, a scientist might use a/an ____.

• electronic balance

• compound light microscope

• TEM

• SEM

Multiple Choice

This image shows the detailed structure of the tiny mitochondria organelle.  Which microscope most likely took this image?

• Compound Light

• Scanning Electron

• Dissecting

• Transmission Electron

Multiple Choice

Which microscopes used light

• light and dissecting

• scanning electron and transmitting electron

• scope and len

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of life.

3. Cells must come from preexisting cells.

Multiple Choice

There are three tenets of the Cell Theory. Which of the following is NOT a tenet?

• Cells are the basic structure and function of life.

• All living things are made of one or more cells.

• The cell is the basic unit of matter.

• All cells come from preexisting cells.

Multiple Choice

When cells are damaged, new cells are created by cell a process called cell division. How does the cell theory support this fact?

• It states that all cells have a nucleus which divides.

• It states that all living things are made up of one or more cells.

• It states that cells come from previously existing cells.

• It states that the basic units of structure and function are cells.

Difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

• Prokaryote = no nucleus, example: Bacteria

• Eukaryote = true nucleus, examples: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists

Cell Organelles You MUST Know

• Nucleus: Control center of cell, contains DNA

• Ribosome: synthesizes (makes) proteins

• Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis

• Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration-Breaks down nutrients to release energy in the form of ATP

• Cell membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell, involved in cell signaling, structure of cell

• Vacuoles: storage

Multiple Choice

What do you call a cell without a nucleus?

• Eukaryote
• Prokaryote

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotic cells do not have…….

• membrane bound organelles

• cell membrane

• DNA or RNA

• life

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a correct list of structures found in both plant AND animal cells?

• mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm

• mitochondria, vacuole, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplasts

Match

Match the organelle with its function

• Vesicles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum "ER"

• Ribosomes

• Vacuole

• Lysosomes

Transport materials in the cell (& out)

Transports proteins

Make proteins

Stores food & water

Breakdown worn out cell parts & waste

• Transport materials in the cell (& out)

• Transports proteins

• Make proteins

• Stores food & water

• Breakdown worn out cell parts & waste

Multiple Choice

True or False: Both prokaryote and eukaryotes has genetic material such as DNA

• True

• False

Passive Transport

• Does not require energy!

• Molecules travel from a high concentration to a low concentration (with the concentration gradient)

• Diffusion

• Osmosis (Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.)

• Facilitated diffusion (molecules that are too big to cross the membrane alone will diffuse across the membrane using channel proteins)

Multiple Choice

Passive Transport means

• Energy is used

• No energy is used

• Energy is created

Multiple Choice

If there is 5 percent water inside a cell and 15 percent water outside a cell ...

• more water will move inside the cell
• more water will move outside the cell
• There will be no movement of water cells

Multiple Choice

_______ regulates what enters and leaves a cell.  

• Cell Membrane
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm

Active Transport

• Requires energy

• Moves molecules from a low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient)

• Protein pumps

• Endocytosis and exocytosis

• 
  

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

• Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)
• Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy
• Active stores transport proteins and passive releases 
• Active uses hormones and passive does not 

Multiple Choice

Hypotonic solutions

• make cells shrink

• make cells swell