Arterial Disease

Multiple Choice

What are the key differences between chronic occlusive disease and acute occlusive disease?

• Chronic develops gradually, acute occurs suddenly

• Chronic requires emergency treatment, acute allows time for intervention

• Chronic symptoms are mild, acute symptoms are mild

• Chronic is more severe than acute

Multiple Choice

The process of thickening and hardening of arteries:

• aortic

• atherosclerosis

• photosynthesis

• hemophilia

Multiple Choice

What are the components that freely circulate in the blood as shown in the image?

• Platelets, RBC, WBC, LDL, HDL

• Monocytes, Lymphocytes, RBC

• HDL, LDL, Monocytes, Platelets

• WBC, RBC, HDL, Vasa Vasorum

Multiple Choice

What is the primary cause of arterial occlusive disease in the western hemisphere?

• Atherosclerosis

• Hypertension

• Diabetes

• Obesity

Multiple Choice

What happens to white blood cells during the inflammatory response?

• They become foam cells

• They die immediately

• They multiply rapidly

• They stop functioning

Multiple Choice

What role do macrophages play in atheromatous plaque formation?

• They create growth factors

• They reduce blood stickiness

• They prevent smooth muscle growth

• They eliminate LDL

Multiple Choice

What are the late changes associated with advanced atherosclerosis?

• Cell necrosis

• Scar tissue formation

• Macrophage lysis

• Intraplaque hemorrhage

Multiple Choice

What may occur if plaque ruptures?

• Thrombi may break off and embolize

• It will heal automatically

• It will cause no effect

• It will reduce cholesterol levels

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of the necrotic core in intraplaque hemorrhage?

• It is non-thrombogenic

• It is very thrombogenic

• It prevents plaque rupture

• It has no significance

Multiple Choice

What are the effects of diabetes on the formation of plaque in arteries?

• Increases risk of limb loss

• Decreases symptoms

• No effect on arteries

• Improves blood flow

Multiple Choice

What are the symptoms of Mild Arterial Disease?

• Asymptomatic (ASX)

• Intermittent claudication

• Abdominal bruit

• Asymptomatic at rest

Multiple Choice

What is claudication characterized by?

• Pain in the calf

• Fatigue in the thigh

• Cramps in the buttock

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What are the symptoms of severe occlusive disease?

• Dependable rubor

• Ischemic rest pain

• Non-healing wounds

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What are the characteristics demonstrated by the lower leg in patients with severe arterial disease.

• Increased hair growth
• Warmth and normal color
• Swelling and redness
• Coldness, pallor, hair loss, muscle atrophy, non-healing wounds

Multiple Choice

What is the most common cause of acute occlusion?

• Arterial embolus

• Thrombus

• Atherosclerotic plaque

• Cessation of flow

Multiple Choice

What are the signs and symptoms of acute obstruction from an embolic event?

• Severe pain

• Pallor

• Weakness

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What can be a source of arterial embolisms?

• Myocardial infarctions

• Cardiac arrhythmia

• Thrombus formation

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What is another name for Blue Toe Syndrome?

• Cyanosis Foot

• Trash Foot

• Thrombo-Emboli

• Blue Foot

Multiple Select

Choose ALL of the situations in which Cyanosis could occur:

• A) Low blood pressure

• B) Airway obstruction

• C) Lung diseases like emphysema

• D) Liver cirrhosis

• E) Cold weather

Multiple Choice

What is the primary cause of arterial dissections?

• A tear in the media

• A tear in the intima

• A blockage in the artery

• A rupture in the vein

Multiple Choice

What is the most common complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm?

• Rupture

• Thrombosis

• Embolization

• Hematoma