Unit 2 Test: Earth's Structure Reteach

The Earth System is all matter, energy, and processes in and on Earth. It can be divided into five main parts:

1. Geosphere

2. Hydrosphere

3. Cryosphere

4. Biosphere ​

5. Atmosphere

Notes: What is the Earth System?

​Earth is made up of interlocking spheres.

​

​That is, while each sphere contains only one type of thing (air, water, ground, ice, life) they work together and mix together.

​

It is all one planet, after all!

The Geosphere, aka. lithosphere, is the solid non-living matter on Earth, from the core to the mountains. It is divided into 3 layers:

1. the crust

2. the mantle

3. the core

What is the Geosphere?

​What belongs in the Geosphere?

• ​rocks

• ​soil

• ​crystals

• ​mountains

• ​magma and lava

• The Hydrosphere contains all of the liquid water in the Earth System, from the deepest reservoirs underground to the ocean to the clouds of condensation in the sky.

• The Hydrosphere connects all of the Earth's Spheres through the Water Cycle.

• The Water Cycle is the continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, and runoff.

What is the Hydrosphere?

​What belongs in the Hydrosphere?

• lakes

• ​rivers

• ​oceans

• ​rain

• ​groundwater

• The mixture of gases that we commonly refer to as air is the atmosphere.

• It consists of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% of other gases.

• It shields the Earth from radiation and insulates the Earth to regulate our temperature

What is the Atmosphere?

​What belongs in the Atmosphere?

• clouds

• ​fog

• ​oxygen

• ​all the gases

Notes: What is the Biosphere?

• The biosphere of earth includes all living things on planet Earth like animals, plants and microorganisms. 

•  It is the biggest one of all spheres of earth.

​What belongs in the Biosphere?

• plants

• animals

• bacteria

• fungi

• all living things

• Weather is the atmospheric conditions in a specific area at a specific time (AKA SHORT TERM)

• Climate refers to the AVERAGE atmospheric conditions in a specific area OVER A LONGER PERIOD OF TIME.

These conditions can vary based on the interactions between the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and over time these can drive the biosphere in different directions

How do Earth's Spheres Interact?

​How do the spheres interact?

​Here are some examples:

1. ​Deer drink water.

2. ​Fish breathe air.

3. ​Trees make oxygen.

4. ​Birds fly in the air.

​They are connected!

Multiple Select

Which spheres do NOT contain the LIQUID H2O in the Earth System?

• Biosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

• Geosphere

Multiple Choice

All lakes, rivers, oceans, and seas belong to the hydrosphere.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Select all the spheres that you see in the image.

• Hydrosphere

• Cryosphere

• Atmosphere

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

Multiple Select

Select all the spheres that you see in the image.

• Hydrosphere

• Cryosphere

• Atmosphere

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

Multiple Choice

Bubbles of air in a glass of water.

• Atmosphere and hydrosphere.

• Cryosphere and atmosphere.

• Geosphere and biosphere.

​

Multiple Choice

What is the location of the Earth's crust?

• Innermost Layer

• Outermost Layer

• Middle Layer

• Core

Multiple Choice

What is a key fact about the Earth's crust?

• It is a liquid layer.

• It is broken into moving plates.

• It is the hottest layer.

• It is made of gas.

Multiple Choice

What is the layer beneath the Earth's crust called?

• Inner Core

• Outer Core

• Mantle

• Crust

Multiple Choice

What is the state of matter of the Earth's mantle?

• Liquid

• Solid (Slowly Flowing Rock)

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

What is the state of matter of the Earth's outer core?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

What key role does the Earth's outer core play?

• It supports life on Earth.

• It creates Earth's magnetic field.

• It is the source of Earth's water.

• It forms the Earth's crust.

Multiple Choice

What is the Earth's inner core mostly composed of?

• Nickel

• Iron

• Copper

• Silver

Multiple Choice

What happens to the temperature as you travel deeper into Earth's interior?

• It decreases

• It stays the same

• It increases

• It fluctuates

Rock Cycle

The Life of A Rock

​Igneous

​Sedimentary

​Metamorphic

​Layers of sediment join together

​Melted rock cools and hardens

​Changes are made from pressure and heat

Rocks become smaller by

• erosion

• wind

• earthquakes

• floods

• rain

• humans​

• earthquakes

• volcanoes

• heat

• pressure​

Rocks change by:

• erosion

• wind

• floods

• rain

• humans​

Rocks become smaller by:

sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of small particles of shell, rock, and sand join together.​

Fossils

Fossils are the remains or imprints of plants and animals that died long ago.

​

Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock.​

Metamorphic Rock

Metamorphic rock is formed when pressure and heat creates changes to sedimentary or igneous rock.

Igneous Rock

Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens.

What is Igneous Rock

• Fire rocks

• Formed underground by trapped, cooled magma

• Formed above ground when volcanoes erupt and magma cools​

Multiple Choice

What are the three rock types?

• Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary

• Volcanic, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary

• Volcanic, Metamorphic, and Igneous

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock is formed when pressure and heat creates changes to sedimentary or igneous rock.

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Igneous

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock is formed when layers of small particles of shell, rock, and sand join together.​

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens.

• Sedimentary

• Igneous

• Metamorphic