Endocrine Glands and Hormones

​A&P Endocrine

By Southern Tech LPN Department

Small, round, pea-sized structure

Controls all of the other glands in the body (but controlled by the hypothalamus

Anterior & Posterior lobes

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Pituitary Gland

​Anterior Lobe Hormones

​Growth Hormone- promotes the growth of body structures

Thyroid-stimulating hormone- affects the growth and functioning of the thyroid gland

Follicle-stimulating hormone- and Luteinizing hormone LH- gonadotropins>they act on the gonads/ovaries

Prolactin- mammary glands>produce milk

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) acts on adrenal glands  secrete glucocorticoids including cortisol.

​Posterior Lobe Hormones

• Oxytocin- contractions

• Antidiuretic hormone- acts on kidneys to increase the absorption of water

Multiple Choice

Which hormone promotes growth of body structures

• Growth hormone
• Cortisol
• Insulin
• Testosterone

Multiple Choice

Which pituitary hormone causes uterine contractions?

• LH
• Prolactin
• Oxytocin
• FSH

Tiny, pinecone shaped gland that sits behind the thalamus

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Pineal Gland

Influences the body's natural circadian rhythm

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Melatonin

Word Cloud

At what time do you think melatonin secretion would increase?

• One of the largest

• Highly vascular

• Shaped like H, with two lobes

• Iodine

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Thyroid Gland

• Growth through childhood

• Metabolism

​​T3 and T4

• Regulates Calcium and phosphorus lvls

• Lowers blood calcium lvls

• Stimulates the uptake of calcium in bones

​​Calcitonin

• Posterior surface of thyroid gland

• Within thyroid connective tissue

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Parathyroid

helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Multiple Choice

Parathyroid hormone controls

• metabolism.

• water levels.

• calcium levels.

• secondary sex characteristics.

Two triangle shaped glands on top of each kidney

Made up of
Outer layer- adrenal cortex
Inner layer- adrenal medulla

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Adrenal Gland

AKA- Adrenaline
Fight or Flight- physiological reaction to a perceived threat to survival/fright/stress/anger

​​Epinephrine

Plays a role in regulating and maintaining
The body's water and..
electrolyte balance

​​Aldosterone

Natural steroid
Works to decrease inflammation

​​Cortisol

Secondary sexual characteristics in males and females

​​Androgens

Multiple Choice

The adrenal cortex is

• the outside portion of the gland

• the inside portion of the gland

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of cortisol type hormones?

• increase blood pressure

• increase metabolism

• decrease digestion activity

• increase ovulation

Long flat organ located in upper left quadrant

Endocrine and exocrine gland (digestive and endocrine systems

Primary function is blood sugar regulation

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Pancrease

Alpha Cells
Acts on the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
Helps meet energy needs during exercise and fast

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Glucagon

Insulin

Beta Cells
Stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood
Excess glucose in the blood is stored as fat

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Two symmetrical lobes located in the mediastinum

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Thymus Gland

Helps differentiate T lymphocytes that are necessary for the immune system

Active role in the immune system in childhood

Shrinks with age

​

Thymosin

AKA: Gonads (Testes and Ovaries)

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Reproductive Glands

​Secondary sexual characteristics
Vital in menstrual cycle
prevention of osteoporosis

Estrogen

​Prepares uterus for pregnancy
Helps support developing fetus

Progesterone

Male secondary sexual characteristics
Deep voice
facial and pubic hair
muscle development
production of sperm

Testosterone

Hormone Quiz

Multiple Choice

acts on the liver to convert glycogen into glucose

• glucagon
• insulin
• cortisol
• epinephrine

Match

Match the following

• promotes the growth of body structures, such as bone

• acts on the adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids, including cortisol

• plays a vital role in the menstrual cycle and is important in the prevention of osteoporosis

• act on the gonads to produce an ovum in the female and sperm in the male

• works to decrease inflammation

growth hormone

adrenocorticotropic hormone

estrogen

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

cortisol

• growth hormone

• adrenocorticotropic hormone

• estrogen

• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

• cortisol

Multiple Choice

responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism

• Adrenaline
• triiodothyronine, thyroxine

• Growth hormone
• Insulin