Cardiovascular and Immune/Lymphatic Systems

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a component of blood as shown in the diagram?

• Plasma

• Buffy coat

• Formed elements

• Bone marrow

Multiple Choice

Which tissue is responsible for producing all types of blood cells?

• Red bone marrow

• Lymphatic tissue

• Yellow bone marrow

• Muscle tissue

Multiple Choice

What are the two main functions of red blood cells?

• Deliver oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide

• Fight infections and produce antibodies

• Clot blood and repair tissues

• Store nutrients and hormones

Fill in the Blank

Hemoglobin is composed of globins and ___.

Multiple Choice

Which cell is responsible for the production of platelets in the blood?

• Megakaryocyte

• Red blood cell

• White blood cell

• Lymphocyte

Match

Match the parts of blood

red blood cell

white blood cell

platelet

plasma

blood types

• red blood cell

• white blood cell

• platelet

• plasma

• blood types

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of blood clot formation is correct?

• The extrinsic pathway is initiated by damage outside the blood, while the intrinsic pathway is initiated by factors within the blood.

• The intrinsic pathway is initiated by damage outside the blood, while the extrinsic pathway is initiated by factors within the blood.

• Both pathways are initiated by damage outside the blood.

• Both pathways are initiated by factors within the blood.

Multiple Choice

Which blood type(s) have both A and B antigens present on the surface of red blood cells?

• Blood type AB

• Blood type A

• Blood type B

• Blood type O

Fill in the Blank

Blood type ___ has no antigens on the surface of its red blood cells.

Multiple Choice

What would happen if someone with type A blood receives a transfusion of type B blood?

• The recipient's anti-B antibodies would attack the donor's RBCs, causing agglutination.

• The recipient's anti-A antibodies would attack the donor's RBCs, causing agglutination.

• No reaction would occur because both blood types are compatible.

• The recipient's body would produce more red blood cells to compensate.

Multiple Choice

After the first pregnancy, if an Rh-negative mother is exposed to Rh-positive blood again, what is the likely immune response?

• The mother's anti-Rh antibodies will attack the Rh-positive cells in the fetus.

• No immune response will occur.

• The mother's body will produce more Rh-positive cells.

• The fetus will produce anti-Rh antibodies.

Multiple Choice

During pregnancy, what happens when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby?

• The mother's immune system may produce anti-Rh antibodies after exposure to the baby's blood.

• The mother's immune system ignores the Rh antigen.

• The baby develops anti-Rh antibodies.

• The mother's blood type changes to Rh positive.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes the anatomical position of the heart's apex?

• At the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line

• At the base of the sternum

• At the right midclavicular line, third intercostal space

• At the top of the rib cage

Fill in the Blank

The heart is located in the chest cavity, with its apex pointing toward the ___ side of the body.

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the heart is directly responsible for the heart's pumping action?

• Myocardium

• Endocardium

• Epicardium

• Pericardium

Multiple Select

Which of the following are chambers of the heart?

• Right atrium

• Left ventricle

• Aorta

• Pulmonary artery

Fill in the Blank

The valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle is called the ___ valve.

Open Ended

Describe the path of blood flow through the right side of the heart, starting from the superior vena cava.

Labelling

Label the parts of the Blood Vessel Exchange.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

Labelling

Which blood vessel has valves and which blood vessel take blood away from the heart

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

vein

artery

Multiple Choice

Which type of blood vessel has thinner walls?

• artery

• vein

Multiple Select

Which of the following are cardinal signs of inflammation? Click ALL that apply!

• swelling

• cold

• heat

• pain

• discoloration

Multiple Select

Which of the following initiate the inflammatory response? Choose all that apply.

• Lysosomes

• Chemokines

• Activated complement

• Attachment receptors

• Histamine

Multiple Choice

If a pathogen penetrates the skin barrier, which immune response would occur first?

• Mucus would be produced to prevent further infection.
• Antibodies would develop to make a vaccine.
• The temperature would increase at the infection site.
• Platelets would increase the flow of blood from the wound.

Multiple Select

Which of the following is true regarding innate immunity? (choose all that apply)

• protects against all types of pathogens nonspecifically

• provides the first protection from a pathogen

• produces antibodies against the pathogen

• would be basically the same when we are 2 days or 20 years old

• this innate protection would be stronger & faster the 2nd time we encounter a pathogen

Multiple Choice

Cells that ingest pathogens are

• plasma cells
• phagocytic cells
• helper T cells
• antibodies

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of innate (non-specific) immunity?

• Skin forms a physical barrier to pathogens

• T cells regognize specific antigens and cause cell lysis

• Macrophages engulf bacterial cells at the site of infection

• The body produces large numbers of memory cells with specific antibodies

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT one of the four characteristic symptoms of inflammation?

• Redness

• Cyanosis

• Swelling

• Pain

Multiple Choice

What are the benefits of vasodilation in the inflammatory response?

• Increases the vascular permeability so phagocytes can be recruited to the site of infection

• Decreases vascular permeability so that phagocytes can stay within the bloodstream

• Increases blood flow to allows better oxygenation

• Increases blood flow to increased hydrostatic pressure and fluid leakage which dilutes toxic agents

Multiple Choice

This type of immunity is acquired during one's lifetime. It is induced by antigens that invade the body.

• innate immunity

• adaptive immunity

• nonspecific immunity

• normal microbiota

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense?

• skin
• B cells
• sweat
• lysozyme

Multiple Choice

The innate immune system

• Is always working and doesn't require any special preparation

• Needs to be "primed" before it can work to its full effectiveness

• Is very specific and only defends against a specific pathogen

• provides a better response the second time a microbe is encountered

Multiple Choice

What category of immune response would sneezing and mucus production fall under?

• Innate Immunity
• Acquired Immunity
• Humoral Immunity
• Cell Mediated Immunity

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways the microbiome contributes to the innate immune system?

• Produce antibodies

• Compete with pathogens for space/nutrients

• Produce wastes to inhibit other bacteria

• Secretion antimicrobials

Multiple Select

Which of the following are outcomes of activation of the complement system? (select all that apply)

• Activation of T cells

• More inflammation

• Restriction of phagocytosis

• Lysis of a target cell

• bring more phagocytes to the area

Multiple Choice

Virus infected cells in a person infected with COVID-19 would be releasing ______, which acts as an antiviral and prevent neighboring cells from severe infection

• Complement proteins

• Interferon

• antibodies

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Lysozymes found in your tears, saliva, and blood are most effective against

• Viruses

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Protozoans

Multiple Choice

 Liz notices that shortly after cutting her arm accidentally the area around the cut is turning red and feeling hot.  Which immune system defense is Liz experiencing?  

• inflammation

• coagulase

• phagocytosis

• fever

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of innate (non-specific) immunity?

• Skin forms a physical and antiseptic barrier to pathogens

• Leukocytes detect the antigens of the E.coli bacterium and produce antibodies

• Macrophages engulf bacterial cells at the site of infection

• The body produces large numbers of memory cells with specific antibodies

Multiple Choice

Natural Killer Cells

• Block adherence to host cells

• destory virus-infected cell and tumor cells

• phagocytose virus-infected cells

• Block the complement cascase

Multiple Choice

Inflammation

• causes reduced blood circulation to the damaged/infected area

• brings more phagocytes to the damaged/infected area

• releases Natural Killer cells

• produces antibodies

Multiple Select

Fever (select all that apply)

• slows the growth of bacteria

• dehydrates bacteria

• enhances the activity of interferons

• helps tissues to repair more quickly

• causes the production of acids in the host cell

Multiple Choice

The First Line of Immune Defenses describes

• inflammation

• phagocytosis

• B cells

• physical and chemical barriers

Multiple Choice

During inflammation

• phagocytosis is prevented

• blood vessels become more permeable/leaky

• the area becomes cold to the touch

• tissue repair is slowed

Multiple Choice

The Second Line of Immune Defense includes

• antibodies

• chemical barriers to infection

• T cells

• cellular immune responses that are not specific to one pathogen

Multiple Choice

Interferons

• cause vasodilation

• cause cell lysis

• cause antiviral proteins to be made in uninfected cells

• activate the complement cascade